Table 3.
Features and functions of PKR and PKZ in fish.
| Fish Species | Superorder/Order | Features/Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| PKR | |||
|
Goldfish
(Carassius auratus) |
Ostariophysi/Cypriniformes | Tandem arrangement of PKR and PKZ genes Induction of PKR mRNA by IFN-stimulation Phosphorylation of eIF2α Inhibition of translation Interaction with poly(I:C) |
[207] |
|
Grass carp
(Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
Ostariophysi/Cypriniformes | Induction of PKR mRNA by GCHV injection Inhibition of translation |
[211] |
|
Japanese flounder (Olive flounder)
(Paralichthys olivaceus) |
Acanthopterygii/Pleuronectiformes | Induction of PKR mRNA by SMRV injection Inhibition of translation Phosphorylation of eIF2α in response to SMRV infection |
[200] |
|
Japanese pufferfish (torafugu)
(Takifugu rubripes) |
Acanthopterygii/Tetraodontiformes | Tandem duplication of two PKR genes; Induction of PKR1 mRNA by poly(I:C) stimulation Inhibition of translation and NF-κB activation by PKR1 and PKR2 |
[199,212] |
|
Rock bream (Barred knifejaw) (Oplegnathus fasciatus) |
Acanthopterygii/Perciformes | Induction of PKR mRNA by poly(I:C) | [213] |
|
Spotted green pufferfish
(Tetraodon nigroviridis) |
Acanthopterygii/Tetraodontiformes | Tandem duplication of three PKR genes | [199] |
|
Zebrafish
(Danio rerio) |
Ostariophysi/Cypriniformes | Tandem arrangement of PKR and PKZ genes Phosphorylation of eIF2α |
[199,207,214] |
| PKZ | |||
|
Atlantic salmon
(Salmo salar) |
Protacanthopterygii/Salmoniformes | Induction of PKZ mRNA by IFN-stimulation Phosphorylation of eIF2α by PKZ-stimulated with Z-DNA in vitro |
[206] |
|
Chinese rare minnow
(Gobiocypris rarus) |
Ostariophysi/Cypriniformes | Induction of PKZ mRNA by GCRV and Aeromonas hydrophila infection | [215] |
|
Goldfish
(Carassius auratus) |
OstariophysiCypriniformes | Induction of PKZ mRNA by IFN-stimulation; | [202,207] |
|
Grass carp
(Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
Ostariophysi/Cypriniformes | Phosphorylation of eIF2α by PKZ in vitro Inhibition of translation |
[216] |
|
Zebrafish
(Danio rerio) |
Ostariophysi/Cypriniformes | Specific binding of Zα domains to Z-DNA Inhibition of translation Phosphorylation of eIF2α by both PKR and PKZ |
[199,203] |
eIF2α, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha; GCHV, grass carp hemorrhage virus; SMRV, Scophthalmus maximus Rhabdovirus; GCRV, grass carp reovirus.