Table 4.
Association (β, 95% CI) between physical activity (independent variable in level units) and different lipid parameters (mg/dL) stratified by subgroups of low and high anthocyanin intake.
| Lipid Profile | Physical Activity Level (Per Unit) | |
|---|---|---|
| Low Anthocyanin Intake * (n = 124) | High Anthocyanin Intake * (n = 125) | |
| Triglycerides | ||
| Age, sex, and energy adjusted model (95% CI) | −6.19 (−13.03 to 0.65) | −8.88 (−14.53 to −3.23) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 1 (95% CI) a | −4.33 (−11.34 to 2.68) | −5.34 (−11.50 to 0.81) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 2 (95% CI) b | −4.96 (−12.45 to 2.53) | −4.79 (−11.62 to 2.04) |
| Total Cholesterol | ||
| Age, sex, and energy adjusted model (95% CI) | −2.69 (−6.01 to 0.64) | 2.70 (−6.21 to 0.82) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 1 (95% CI) a | −3.39 (−6.93 to 0.15) | −2.79 (−6.75 to 1.16) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 2 (95% CI) b | −2.86 (−6.65 to 0.93) | −0.65 (−4.99 to 3.69) |
| HDL Cholesterol | ||
| Age, sex, and energy adjusted model (95% CI) | 0.82 (−0.15 to 1.80) | 0.86 (−0.11 to 1.83) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 1 (95% CI) a | 0.73 (−0.29 to 1.75) | 0.11 (−0.89 to 1.11) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 2 (95% CI) b | 0.65 (−0.44 to 1.74) | 0.35 (−0.77 to 1.46) |
| LDL Cholesterol | ||
| Age, sex, and energy adjusted model (95% CI) | −2.24 (−5.08 to 0.60) | −2.47 (−5.68 to 0.74) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 1 (95% CI) a | −3.34 (−6.28 to −0.20) | −2.63 (−6.25 to 0.98) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 2 (95% CI) b | −2.56 (−5.81 to 0.68) | −0.99 (−4.98 to 3.01) |
| LDL:HDL | ||
| Age, sex, and energy adjusted model (95% CI) | −0.10 (−0.17 to −0.03) | −0.11 (−0.19 to −0.03) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 1 (95% CI) a | −0.12 (−0.19 to −0.04) | −0.08 (−0.17 to 0.01) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 2 (95% CI) b | −0.10 (−0.18 to −0.02) | −0.06 (−0.16 to 0.04) |
| TG:HDL | ||
| Age, sex, and energy adjusted model (95% CI) | −0.18 (−0.38 to 0.02) | −0.29 (−0.48 to −0.09) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 1 (95% CI) a | −0.14 (−3.35 to 0.07) | −0.17 (−0.38 to 0.035) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 2 (95% CI) b | −0.15 (−0.37 to 0.06) | −0.18 (−0.41 to 0.05) |
| Total cholesterol:HDL | ||
| Age, sex, and energy adjusted model (95% CI) | −0.14 (−0.23 to −0.05) | −0.14 (−0.23 to −0.04) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 1 (95% CI) a | −0.15 (−0.24 to −0.05) | −0.08 (−0.18 to 0.02) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 2 (95% CI) b | −0.13 (−0.23 to −0.03) | −0.06 (−0.18 to 0.05) |
Coefficients for triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol show the strength of the effect on mg/dL of lipid concentration per unit of physical activity level, whereas coefficients for LDL:HDL, TG:HDL, and total cholesterol:HDL show the effect on the ratio of lipid concentrations per unit of physical activity level. * High and low anthocyanin intake were defined as standard deviations of anthocyanin intake above or below the median, respectively. a Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, education level, marital status, prevalent hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. b Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, total energy intake, mMDS, smoking status, education level, marital status, multivitamin use, supplement use, sleep, prevalent hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. CI: confidence intervals, HDL: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL: low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG: triglycerides.