Figure 4.

CAP treatment increases the apoptotic signals independent of CAP device. Endothelial cells were treated with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) or argon carrier gas as control (CTRL), released by the kINPen (A,C) or Mini Jet (B,D) device. Caspase-3/7 and TUNEL assays were performed at the indicated times. Positive controls (+) were carried out by treatment with Cycloheximide (A,B) or nuclease treatment (C,D). For TUNEL assay, a negative control (-) without labeling was performed. Five independent experiments were performed. The results were normalized to control cells and are presented as mean ± SD. All experiments were statistically evaluated with two-way RM ANOVA with Sidak’s post hoc tests before normalization. The following significance levels were defined: p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.001 (***).