| reactive oxygen species | (ROS) |
| heme oxygenase-1 | (HO-1) |
| electromagnetic fields | (EMFs) |
| extremely low frequencies | (ELFs) |
| matrix metalloprotease | (MMP)9 |
| mammalian target of rapamycin | (mTOR) |
| phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B | (PI3K/Akt) |
| extracellular signal-regulated kinases | (ERK) |
| nitric oxide synthetase | (NOS) |
| catalase | (CAT) |
| cytochrome | (CYP) 450 |
| lipopolysaccharides | (LPS) |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 | (Nrf2) |
| NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 | (SIRT1) |
| intracellular reduced glutathione | (GSH) |
| oxidized glutathione | (GSSG) |
| glutathione peroxidase | (GPx) |
| glutathione reductase | (GR) |