| CDL | Ceratophyllum demersum L |
| AGIs | α-glucosidase inhibitors |
| RSM | response surface methodology |
| UAE | ultrasonic-assisted extraction |
| BBD | Box-Behnken design |
| TFC | total flavonoid content |
| TPC | total phenolic content |
| pNPG | p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside |
| BPC | base peak chromatogram |
| ESI | electrospray ionization source |
| ANOVA | one-way analysis of variance |