Figure 5.

Presence of oxidative damage markers and antioxidant response in the articular cartilage. (a) Representative images of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf-2) immunohistochemistry in the cartilage from each group of the study. Magnification (2x) of the images are shown on its bottom-left corner. Quantitative analysis of 8-oxo-dG (b), 4-HNE (c), and Nrf-2 (d)-positive cells. Values are mean ± SEM (n = 3 independent animals for each condition). ^& p ≤ 0.05 vs. the C group; ^# p ≤ 0.05 vs. the CI group. Control, non-treated; CI, control injection; SI, H₂S donor injection. Scale bar = 20 µm.