ARR	Asari Radix et Rhizoma
AHM	Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag.
VOCs	Volatile organic compounds
RI	Retention index
LD50	Median lethal dose
3,5-DMT	3,5-Dimethoxytoluene
2,3,5-TMT	2,3,5-Trimethoxytoluene
3,4,5-TMT	3,4,5-Trimethoxytoluene
GC–MS	Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
HPLC	High–performance liquid chromatography
UPLC	Ultra–performance liquid chromatography
HS–SPME–GC–MS	Headspace solid–phase microextraction gas–chromatographymass spectrometry
HPLC–APCI–IT–TOF–MSn	High-performance liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressurechemical ionization–ion trap–time of flight–multistage mass spectrometry