Figure 4.

Connections between epigenetic modification and metabolism in MDSCs. Acetyl-CoA, SAM, and lactate, as important substrates and group donors of epigenetic modification, are important pivot substances connecting metabolism and epigenetic modification and have important regulatory effects on epigenetic modification. AMPK, as an energy receptor, can not only regulate metabolism but also regulate some corresponding epigenetic modifications through the regulation of epigenetic modification enzymes such as DNMT, HATs, and HDACs. Moreover, AMPK regulates the metabolism of MDSCs by regulating histone acetylation and DNA methylation.