Table 1.
Gene modification and the formation of polyphenolic compounds through recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains.
| Metabolite | Yeast Strain | Productivity | Genes Modification 1 | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-Coumaric acid | ST4067 | 1.71 g·dm−3 | ARO10Δ, PDC5Δ, FjTAL,ScARO4fbr, ScARO7fbr, ScARO1, ScARO2 | Rodriguez et al. (2015) [25] |
| Liquiritigenin | ST5069 | 5.31 mg·dm−3 | ARO10Δ, PDC5Δ, FjTAL,ScARO4fbr, ScARO7fbr, Pc4CL, PhCHS, MsCHI, AmoCHR | Rodriguez et al. (2017) [64] |
| Kaempferol | ST5070 | 26.57 mg·dm−3 | ARO10Δ, PDC5Δ, FjTAL,ScARO4fbr, ScARO7fbr, Pc4CL, PhCHS, MsCHI, AmF3H, AtFLS | Rodriguez et al. (2017) [64] |
| Quercetin | ST5074 | 20.38 mg·dm−3 | ARO10Δ, PDC5Δ, FjTAL,ScARO4fbr, ScARO7fbr, Pc4CL, PhCHS, MsCHI, AmF3H, AtFLS, CrCPR, PhF3’H | Rodriguez et al. (2017) [64] |
| Breviscapine (scutellarin and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide) | ΔMC-FU-FC-AAA | 108 mg·dm−3 and 185 mg·dm−3 | Eb4CL, EbCHS, EbCHI, EbFNSII, EbPAL, EbC4H, EbF6H, EbCPR, EbF7GAT, EbUDPGDH, mls1Δ, cit2Δ, SeACS, ALDH6, ADH2 | Liu et al. (2018) [67] |
| Resveratrol | ST4990 | 272.6 mg·dm−3 | AtPAL2, AtC4H, At4CL2,VvVST1, ACC, ARO7 fbr, ARO4 fbr, ARO10Δ, SeACS, AtATR2, ScCYB5 | Li et al. (2016) [68] |
| Pterostilbene | ST4994 | 5.5 mg·dm−3 (mineral medium) 34.9 mg·dm−3 (FIT medium) |
AtPAL2, AtC4H, At4CL2,VvVST1, ACC, ARO7 fbr, ARO4 fbr, ARO10Δ, SeACS, AtATR2, ScCYB5, VvROMT | Li et al. (2016) [68] |
| Pinocembrin | Yeast, harboring plasmid Ycc4c-181 | 16.3 mg·dm−3 (from cinnamic acid) |
AtC4H, Pc4CL2, PhCHS, PhCHI | Yan et al. (2005) [69] |
| Cyanidin 3-Oglucoside | CANS3 | 2.0 mg·dm−3 | HaCHS, MsCHI, At4CL2, AtPAL2, AmC4H, ScCPR1, PhF3’H, AtCPR1, MdANS, FaA3GT2, MdF3H, PtDFR | Eichenberger et al. (2018) [70] |
| Delphinidin 3-Oglucoside | DANS6 | 2.1 mg·dm−3 | HaCHS, MsCHI, At4CL2, AtPAL2, AmC4H, ScCPR1, SlF3’5’H, AtCPR1, PcoANS, FaA3GT2, MdF3H | Eichenberger et al. (2018) [70] |
1 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; 4CL2, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase 2; A3GT2, Anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase; ACC, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ACS, Acetyl-CoA synthetase; ADH2, Alcohol dehydrogenase; ALDH6, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase; ANS, Anthocyanidin synthase; ARO1, pentafunctional enzyme converting DAHP into 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate; ARO2, Chorismate synthase; ARO4, Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHP synthase); ARO7, Chorismate mutase; ARO10, 2-oxo acid decarboxylase; ATR2, Cytochrome P450 reductase; C4H, Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase; CHI, Chalcone isomerase; CHR, Chalcone reductase; CHS, Chalcone synthase; CIT2, Citrate synthase; CPR, Cytochrome P450 reductase; CPR1, Cytochrome P450 reductase; CYB5, Cytochrome-b5 reductase; DFR, Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase; F3’5’H, Flavonoid 3’ 5’ hydroxylase; F3’H, Flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase; F3H, Flavanone 3-hydroxylase; F6H, Flavone-6-hydroxylase; F7GAT, Flavonoid-7-O-glucuronosyltransferase; FLS, Flavonol synthase; FNSII, Flavone synthase II; MLS1, Malate synthase; PAL, Phenylalanine ammonia lyase; PAL2, Phenylalanine ammonia lyase 2; PDC5, Pyruvate decarboxylase; ROMT, Resveratrol O-methyltransferases; TAL, l-tyrosine ammonia lyase; UDPGDH, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase; VST1, stilbene synthase; Am, Ammi majus; Amo, Astragalus mongholicus; At, Arabidopsis thaliana; Cr, Catharanthus roseus; Eb, Erigeron breviscapus; Fa, Fragaria x ananassa; Fj, Flavobacterium johnsoniae; Ha, Hypericum androsaemum; Md, Malus x domestica; Ms, Medicago sativa; Pc, Petroselinum crispum; Pco, Pyrus communis; Ph, Petunia x hybrida; Pt, Populus trichocarpa; Sc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Se, Salmonella enterica; Sl, Solanum lycopersicum; Vv, Vitis vinifera; and fbr, Feedback-inhibition resistant.