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. 2020 Oct 7;25(19):4574. doi: 10.3390/molecules25194574

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Influences on mitochondrial functions in AGEs-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were pretreated with moscatilin (1 μmol/L) or metformin (2 μmol/L) for 1 h, followed by exposure to 50 μg/mL AGEs for another 24 h. Compound C (5 μmol/L) was added 1 h before moscatilin or metformin were stimulated. (A) MMP was assessed using JC-1 fluorescence dye. (B) ADP/ATP ratio was measured by commercial assay kit based on the bioluminescent detection of ADP and ATP levels. (C) The levels of cytochrome c were determined by immunoassay in both mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. (D) Levels of DNA fragmentation were measured by using the cell death detection ELISA Plus kit. The results are presented as the mean ± SD of five independent experiments (n = 5), each of which was performed in triplicate. a p < 0.05 and b p < 0.01 compared to the data from untreated group (vehicle control). c p < 0.05 and d p < 0.01 when compared to the data from cells cultured under AGEs without any treatment.