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. 2020 Oct 7;25(19):4574. doi: 10.3390/molecules25194574

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects on the AMPK and NF-κB signaling in AGEs-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were pretreated with moscatilin (1 μmol/L) or metformin (2 μmol/L) for 1 h, followed by exposure to 50 μg/mL AGEs for another 24 h. Compound C (5 μmol/L) was added 1 h before moscatilin or metformin were stimulated. The photographs represent the Western blots for (A) p-AMPKα and AMPKα, (B) p-IκBα and IκBα, (C) p-p65 and p65. The densities of protein bands were quantitated and the ratios of p-AMPKα/AMPKα, p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 were calculated and shown in the bottom panels. The results are presented as the mean ± SD of five independent experiments (n = 5), each of which was performed in triplicate. ^a p < 0.05 and ^b p < 0.01 compared to the data from untreated group (vehicle control). ^c p < 0.05 and ^d p < 0.01 when compared to the data from cells cultured under AGEs without any treatment.

Effects on the AMPK and NF-κB signaling in AGEs-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were pretreated with moscatilin (1 μmol/L) or metformin (2 μmol/L) for 1 h, followed by exposure to 50 μg/mL AGEs for another 24 h. Compound C (5 μmol/L) was added 1 h before moscatilin or metformin were stimulated. The photographs represent the Western blots for (A) p-AMPKα and AMPKα, (B) p-IκBα and IκBα, (C) p-p65 and p65. The densities of protein bands were quantitated and the ratios of p-AMPKα/AMPKα, p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 were calculated and shown in the bottom panels. The results are presented as the mean ± SD of five independent experiments (n = 5), each of which was performed in triplicate. ^a p < 0.05 and ^b p < 0.01 compared to the data from untreated group (vehicle control). ^c p < 0.05 and ^d p < 0.01 when compared to the data from cells cultured under AGEs without any treatment.