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Flowchart of the study design, datasets and specimens used. For each step, the sample types and number of samples used for the analyses are indicated. CRC, colorectal cancer; AD, benign adenoma; BC, breast cancer; LC, lung cancer; ESCC, esophageal cancer; ES, endometrial cancer; ccfDNA, circulating cell-free DNA; QMSP, quantitative methylation-specific PCR; qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR; methylation 450K array, Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array.
