Figure 1.

p38 in cardiovascular regeneration. (A) p38α blocks cardiovascular regeneration by inhibiting the expression of genes involved in cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration, such as Ect2, Crp1, ki67, cdc2, cyclin A, and p27, and reducing Rb phosphorylation to block cell-cycle progression. FGF1 stimulation has the opposite effect. (B) p38γ activates differentiation and myogenesis in satellite cells by phosphorylating MyoD and activating proliferation. p38α prevents p38γ activation in satellite cells, blocking regeneration. ↑ increase, ↓ decrease.