Table 2.
Discriminated prevalence of animal TB by host and moderator. Values in brackets represent CI 95%.
| Moderators | Cattle | Farmed cervids | Camelids | Goats | Sheep | Pigs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continent | Africa | 10.3% [8.8–25.9%] | NA | NS | 1.1% [0.3–3.6%] | NS | 0.9% [0.1–9.6%] |
| Asia | 13.8% [8.5–11.9%] | NA | NS | 1.9% [1.5–2.5%] | NS | 1.3% [0.8–2.0%] | |
| Europe | 17.8% [11.8–25.9%] | 10.3% [5.4–18.9%] | NS | 51.0% [16.5–84.6%] | NS | 24.1% [12.4–41.6%] | |
| North America | 33.6% [25.2–43.2%] | 7.9% [4.4–14.0%] | NS | NA | NS | NA | |
| South America | 20.5% [6.6–48.4%] | NA | NS | NA | NS | 85.7% [73.8–92.7%] | |
| Publication period | 1990–1999 | NS | NS | NS | 99.6% [93.8–100.0%] | NS | NA |
| 2000–2010 | NS | NS | NS | 7.0% [0.7–46.6%] | NS | 1.1% [0.1–19.1%] | |
| 2011–2020 | NS | NS | NS | 5.3% [2.1–12.7%] | NS | 20.9% [10.2–38.3%] | |
| Diagnostic test | Tuberculin | 9.2% [7.6–11.0%] | NS | 3.4% [1.8–6.6%] | NS | NS | NS |
| IFN-γ | 34.4% [18.0–55.4%] | NS | NA | NS | NS | NS | |
| ELISA | 6.8% [5.4–8.4%] | NS | NA | NS | NS | NS | |
| Histopathology | 11.2% [8.6–14.6%] | 9.3% [6.2–13.9%] | 16.1% [9.9–25.0%] | NS | NS | NS | |
| Culture | 26.6% [21.0–33.0%] | 7.4% [2.8–18.1%] | 46.6% [22.7–72.2%] | NS | NS | NS | |
| Nucleic acid | 24.7% [14.2–39.4%] | NS | 6.5% [1.6–22.4%] | NS | NS | NS | |
| Biochemical | 39.1% [29.9–49.1%] | NS | NA | NS | NS | NS | |
| Sample size (Cattle) | <100 | 39.5% [34.0–45.2%] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 100–250 | 25.3% [20.7–30.5%] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| 250–500 | 13.6% [10.4–17.5%] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| 500–1000 | 6.1% [4.7–7.8%] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| 1000–1500 | 7.8% [5.7–10.6%] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| >1500 | 3.9% [2.7–5.7%] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Sample size (Others) | <100 | NA | 14.2% [4.3–38.0%] | 26.7% [18.1–37.6%] | 41.6% [21.3–65.2%] | 50.0% [18.5–81.5%] | 50.3% [27.6–72.8%] |
| 100–250 | NA | NA | 14.3% [9.2–21.5%] | 64.6% [5.3–98.3%] | 29.3% [21.9–37.9%] | 58.6% [3.6–98.1%] | |
| 250–1000 | NA | 8.0% [5.3–11.9%] | 9.3% [6.7–12.8%] | 1.5% [0.8–2.9%] | 20.0% [7.4–43.7%] | 25.1% [3.2–77.2%] | |
| >1000 | NA | NA | 0.1% [0.07–0.2%] | 0.1% [0.0–0.6%] | 0.1% [0.0–2.9%] | 0.7% [0.2–2.6%] | |
| Infected tract | Respiratory | 47.8% [33.5–62.4%] | NA | NS | 98.3% [90.6–99.7%] | NA | 12.5% [5.3–26.7%] |
| Digestive | 32.5% [16.8–53.4%] | NA | NS | 3.0% [1.0–8.9%] | NA | 40.0% [26.2–55.7%] | |
| Generalized | 16.7% [6.0–38.7%] | NA | NS | NA | NA | 47.5% [32.7–62.7%] | |
| Age class | Cub | NS | NA | NS | 1.7% [1.0–3.1%] | NA | NA |
| Sub-adult | NS | NA | NS | 2.6% [1.5–4.3%] | NA | NA | |
| Adult | NS | NA | NS | NA | NA | NA | |
| Sex | Female | 8.7% [4.4–16.4%] | NA | NS | 8.0% [4.9–12.9%] | NA | NA |
| Male | 4.8% [2.0–10.7%] | NA | NS | 1.4% [0.2–9.1%] | NA | NA | |
NS - non-significant; NA - non-applicable; hosts without statistically significant moderators not included.