Table 1.
Evidence synthesis of CAIX application for immunohistochemistry and its predictive value for clinical outcomes.
| Common CAIX Expression in Immunohistochemistry | ||
|---|---|---|
| RCC subtype | CAIX | CK7 |
| ccRCC | +++ | − |
| pRCCI | − | + |
| pRCCII | +/− | +/− |
| chRCC | − | + |
| ccpRCC | + | + |
| multilocular cystic renal neoplasms | +/− | + |
| Predictive value of CAIX expression | ||
| Study | RCC subtype | Results |
| Ingels et al. [19] | ccRCC | CAIX expression < 30% in IHC associated with diminished OS, PFS and DFS |
| Bui et al. [20] | ccRCC | Low CAIX expression associated with unfavorable disease course |
| Buschek et al. [23] | ccRCC | High CAIX expression was associated with better outcomes |
| Buschek et al. [23] | pRCC | Abnormal expression of CAIX was associated with diminished PFS |
| Samberkar et al. [24] | ccRCC | High CAIX expression associated with lower tumor grade and stage, N0, favorable ECOG score |
| Chamie et al. [26] | ccRCC | High CAIX score > 200 associated with prolonged DFS and OS |
ccRCC: clear cell renal cell carcinoma. pRCCI: papillary renal cell carcinoma. pRCCII: papillary renal cell carcinoma. chRCC: chromophobe renal cell caricnoma. ccpRCC: clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma. OS: overall survival. PFS: progression free survival. DFS: disease free survival. ECOG: Eastern cooperative oncology group. CAIX: carbonic ahydrase IX. CK7: cytokeratin 7. +++: expression is almost systematic +: classically positive −: classically negative +/−: variable.