| PPNPS | phlorotannin@pvp nanoparticles |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| PVP | polyvinylpyrrolidone |
| TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
| FTIR | fourier transform infrared |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Minimum Essential Medium |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| H2DCFDA | 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate |
| DSC | differential scanning calorimetry |
| XRD | X-ray diffraction analysis |
| HPLC | high-performance liquid chromatography |
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