Table 1.

List of miRNAs regulating macrophage function.

miRNAs Involved in Macrophage Polarization	Function	Reference
miR-375	Facilitates macrophage recruitment, M2-like phenotype and tumor progression	[71]
miR-23a/miR-27a/miR24-2 cluster	Promote M1-like phenotype, inhibit M2-like phenotype in breast cancer	[72]
miR-340-5p	Promotes M2 polarization in glioblastoma	[73]
miR-155, miR-125b-2	Macrophage re-programming to M1-like phenotype in pancreatic cancer	[74]
miR-29a-3p	Promotes M2 polarization in OSCC	[75]
miR-222-3p	Promotes M2-like phenotype in ovarian cancer	[76]
miR-940	Promotes M2 polarization in epithelial ovarian cell carcinoma	[77]
miR-203	Promotes M2 polarization and metastasis in CRC	[78]
miR-145	Promotes M2-like phenotype in CRC	[79]
miR-16	Promotes M1-like phenotype in breast cancer	[80]
miR-103a	Increases M2 polarization in lung cancer	[81]
miR-21-3p, miR-181d-5p, miR-125b -5p	Promote M2 polarization, cancer cell migration, proliferation in EOC	[82]
miR-301a-3p	Enriches M2-like macrophages via modulating PTEN/PI3Kγ axis in pancreatic cancer	[83]
miR-132, miR-29b-1, miR-27a, miR-146a, miR-222	Higher expression of these miRNAs promote M2b-like phenotype	[59,84]
miR-let7a, miR-320a, miR-146a	Promote M2-like phenotype	[85,86,87]
miR-142-3p	Inhibit M2 polarization, reduces tumor growth in HCC	[88,89]
let-7c	Inhibits M1 polarization and promote M2-like phenotype	[90]
miR-1246	Promote M2 polarization via modulating STAT3 and NF-κB axis.	[88,91]
let-7d-5p	Promote M2-like phenotype	[16]
miR-451, miR-21	Influence macrophage polarization in glioblastoma	[92]
Extracellular miRNAs Secreted from Cancer Cells Regulating Cancer Progression or Chemoresistance	Function	Reference
miR-221, miR-222	Promote tamoxifen resistance in breast tumor cells	[93]
miR-1246	Imparts chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells	[94]
miR-21	Induces chemoresistance in neuroblastoma, enhances miR-155 expression	[95]
miR-23a-3p	Promotes tumor cell escape via impairing T-cell function	[96]
miR-204-5p	Regulates cisplatin resistance in EOC	[97]
miR-let7a	Creates an immunosuppressive environment by enhancing the expression of M2-like phenotype associated genes	[85]
miR-142-3p	Induces malignant phenotype in oral carcinoma	[98]
miR-105	Promotes tumor progression and metastasis via degrading vascular endothelial barriers	[99]
miR-214	Promotes tumor growth via deregulating PTEN and impairing T-cell function in mouse model	[100]
miR-21, miR-29a	Induces inflammatory response in NSCLC cells via activating NF-kB pathway	[101]
Extracellular miRNAs Derived from TAMs Regulating Cancer Progression or Chemoresistance	Function	Reference
miR-7	Inhibits metastasis in EOC via modulating EGFR/AKT/ERK1/2 axis	[102]
miR-365	Promotes gemcitabine chemoresistance in PDAC	[103]
miR-29a-3p, miR-21-5p	Establish an immunosuppressive environment in EOC	[104]
miR-155-5p, miR-21-5p	Increase migration and invasion of colon cancer cells via downregulating BRG 1	[105]
miR-125a/b	Negatively influence tumor cell division and stemness properties of HCC via targeting CD90	[106]
miR-21	Induces chemoresistance in gastric cancer	[107]
miR-501-3p	Progression of PDAC via modulating TGF-β	[108]
miR-223	Imparts cisplatin resistance in EOC	[109]
miRNAs Involved in Macrophage Differentiation and Maturation	Function	Reference
miR-155, miR-146a, miR-338, and miR-342	Facilitate the progression of HSCs differentiation process	[66]
miR-17-92 cluster: miR-18a, miR-17, miR-92a, miR-19a, miR-19b-1, miR-20a	Inhibition of their expression by PU.1 promote HSCs differentiation	[67]
miR-146a, miR-126, miR-29a, miR-155, miR-130a, miR-125a/b, miR-338, miR-342, miR-21, miR-196b	Mediate differentiation and maturation of HSCs by regulating expression of various target genes	[61,63,64,66,69,110]
miRNAs Regulating Recruitment of Macrophages at Tumor Site	Function	Reference
miR148b	Inhibits TAM infiltration in tumor	[111]
miR-375	Induces TAM infiltration in breast cancer	[71]
miR-125b	Reduces recruitment of macrophages at tumor site	[112]