Table 4.

The effect of grinding to different particle size, maceration at different duration, or maceration combined with Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) on the extraction model parameters, total phenolic content (TPC), antiradical capacity, and selectivity.

	C0 (mg GAE/gdw)	k (Fast Stage) (min−1)	R2	k (Slow Stage) (min−1)	R2	TPC (mg GAE/gdw)	Antiradical Capacity (mg GAE/gdw)	Selectivity (%)
Particle Size (μm) *
D < 315	44.10 ± 1.09	0.034 ± 0.005	0.95	0.006 ± 0.001	0.88	62.5 ± 0.3	33.6 ± 1.1	28.3
315 < D < 600	22.76 ± 0.71	0.030 ± 0.002	0.99	0.007 ± 0.001	0.94	52.6 ± 0.5	31.9 ± 0.9	18.9
600 < D < 800	22.05 ± 0.95	0.024 ± 0.003	0.97	0.007 ± 0.001	0.92	51.5 ± 0.6	29.2 ± 0.2	18.2
800 < D < 1000	12.95 ± 0.54	0.020 ± 0.001	0.99	0.007 ± 0.001	0.97	45.0 ± 0.4	20.6 ± 0.7	19.8
1000 < D	8.96 ± 0.71	0.018 ± 0.002	0.98	0.006 ± 0.001	0.97	39.5 ± 0.6	19.1 ± 0.0	18.4
Not ground	3.87 ± 0.82	0.002 ± 0.001	0.33	0.001 ± 0.001	0.89	7.0 ± 0.2	23.1 ± 1.1	22.7
Maceration (h)/PEF **
0	20.30 ± 0.80	0.029 ± 0.003	0.99	0.012 ± 0.002	0.99	59.3 ± 1.5	23.9 ± 1.4	23.0
2	40.26 ± 0.62	0.024 ± 0.003	0.98	0.007 ± 0.002	0.97	59.9 ± 1.5	31.2 ± 0.8	25.4
4	56.37 ± 0.25	0.013 ± 0.002	0.96	0.006 ± 0.001	0.98	64.9 ± 1.0	34.8 ± 1.1	31.1
24	53.25 ± 0.38	0.015 ± 0.002	0.95	0.004 ± 0.001	0.98	62.2 ± 0.5	32.3 ± 0.7	26.0
4 + PEF	54.67 ± 0.24	0.014 ± 0.002	0.97	0.005 ± 0.001	0.88	64.0 ± 0.3	34.9 ± 1.0	26.7

* Extraction performed by acetone 80%, at 22 °C and solid-to-liquid ratio 1:20 g/mL; ** Extraction performed by ethanol 60%, at 22 °C, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:20 g/mL, and non-specific particle size.