Table 3.
The chemical composition of essential oil from A. vulgaris aerial parts.
| Chemical Groups/Compounds | Estimated Content (%) | References |
|---|---|---|
| Monoterpenoids | ||
| artemisia alcohol, artemisyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, (Z)-β-ocymen, terpinolene | 0–2.6 | [62] |
| artemisia ketone | 0–2.89 | [62,64,65] |
| borneol | 0.4–9.8 | [3,15,17,24,62,64,65,66,67] |
| bornyl acetate | 0–6.29 | [15,16,17,65,67] |
| camphene | 1.8–9.1 | [15,16,17,46,62,64,65] |
| camphor | 0–47.7 | [16,17,18,24,46,62,64,65,66,68,69] |
| carvone | 0–0.38 | [65] |
| trans-carveol, trans-pinocarveol | 0–0.77 | [15,64,65] |
| 1,8-cineol | 2.6–17.6 | [3,16,17,18,24,30,46,62,64,66,70] |
| cis-chrysanthenol, dehydrosabinaketone, methyleugenol, verbenyl acetate, p-cymene-8-ol, piperitone, p-mentha-1,4-dien-7-ol, sabinaketone, trans-verbenol, cuminol | 0–7.0 | [15] |
| cymene | 0–1.14 | [17,62,65] |
| isoborneol | 0.3–8.2 | [17,62,64] |
| isobornyl 2-methylbutyrate, menthol | 0–5 | [46] |
| iso-3-thujanol | 0–1.4 | [62,64,65] |
| limonene | 0–0.46 | [65] |
| (E)-β-ocymen | 0.5–2.7 | [62] |
| 3-thujanol | [17,64] | |
| 4-terpineol | 0–1.4 | [3,15,16,24,62,64,66] |
| cis-thujone | 0–12.9 | [46,62] |
| linalool | 0–0.4 | [3,62,64,66] |
| chrysanthenyl acetate | 0–23.6 | [15,46,62] |
| β-myrcene | 0.1–8.8 | [16,62] |
| sabinene | 0–0.67 | [15,16,17,62,64,65] |
| cis-sabinene hydrate, | 0–1.08 | [62,64,65] |
| trans-sabinene hydrate | 0–0.55 | [15,62,64,65] |
| santolina triene | 0–0.6 | [15,16,17,62,64] |
| α-thujone | 0–3.18 | [15,16,17,24,46,64,71] |
| β-thujone | 0–1.19 | [15,16,17,24,46,64,68,71,72] |
| α-fenchen | [16,17,64] | |
| α-pinene | 0–0.9 | [15,16,46,62,64,65] |
| α-terpinene | 0–0.4 | [62,64] |
| α-terpineol | 0–1.6 | [15,24,62] |
| α-thujene | 0.2–4.1 | [15,16,62] |
| β-pinene | 0.1–12.9 | [15,17,24,46,62,64] |
| γ-terpinene | 0–0.54 | [16,62,64,65] |
| thymol | 0–0.39 | [65] |
| Sesquiterpenoids | ||
| aromadendrene | 0–0.2 | [16,64] |
| bicyclogermacrene | 0.9–2.2 | [16,17,62,64] |
| α-cadinol | 0–1.99 | [3,17,66,67] |
| caryophyllene | 0–37.45 | [24,46,62,67] |
| caryophyllene oxide | 1.52–5.5 | [3,15,16,17,46,62,64,65,66] |
| trans-caryophyllene, trans-salvene | 2.5–12.2 | [46,65] |
| caryophylla-4(14),8(15)-diene-5-α-ol, (E)-nerolidol, humulene epoxide II, germacrene d-4-ol, ledol, farnesyl acetate, lanceol acetate, salvial-4(14)-en-1-one, silphiperfol-5-en-3-ol (Z)- β-farnesene, α-calacorene, β-chamigrene, β-longipinene |
0–0.5 | [62,67] |
| α-copaen | 0–1.0 | [15,16,17,62,64] |
| cubebene | 0–12 | [3] |
| davanone, silphiperfol-4,7(14)-diene, β-burbonen |
0–0.15 | [62,64] |
| β-elemene | 0–8 | [17], [64] |
| β-eudesmol | 0–8.95 | [16,46,64,65] |
| α-elemene, β-bisabolene | 0–8.8 | [16,62] |
| farnesene | 0–0.88 | [15,65] |
| germacrene D | 5.3–15.1 | [15,46,62,64] |
| α-humulene | 0.2–8.8 | [16,62,64,65] |
| epi-α-muurolol | 0.4–1.4 | [15,62] |
| spathulenol | 1–2.5 | [15,17,46,62] |
| 7-α-silphiperfol-5-ene, epi-β-santalene, modhephene, petasitene, presilphiperfol-7-ene, silphin-1-ene, valeranone, humulene oxide, α-bisabololene, α-cedrene, α-isocomene, α-trans-bergamotene |
0–0.5 | [16] |
| Diterpenoids | ||
| phytol | 0–2.94 | [62,67] |
| γ-terpineol | 0–1.44 | [65] |