Table 1.
Prevalence of CVD risk factors at phase 5 (baseline) and phase 6 (follow-up) in the Vellore Birth Cohort according to sex and place of residence (rural or urban)
| CVD risk factor | Phase | Men | Women | ||
| Rural (n=240) % (95% CI) |
Urban (n=279) % (95% CI) |
Rural (n=217) % (95% CI) |
Urban (n=226) % (95% CI) |
||
| Overweight/obese, n (%) |
Phase 5 | 6.7 (3.5 to 9.8) | 18.9 (14.4 to 23.6) | 9.2 (5.4 to 13.1) | 31.9 (25.8 to 37.9) |
| Phase 6 | 35.4 (29.4 to 41.5) | 50.5 (44.7 to 56.4) | 49.8 (43.1 to 56.4) | 70.8 (64.9 to 76.7) | |
| Change in percentage | +28.8 (21.9 to 35.6) | +31.6 (24.1 to 56.4) | +40.6 (32.9 to 48.2) | +38.9 (30.5 to 47.4) | |
| Obesity, n (%) | Phase 5 | 0.8 (−0.03 to 2.0) | 2.2 (0.4 to 3.9) | 0.5 (−0.4 to 1.4) | 8.0 (4.4 to 11.5) |
| Phase 6 | 5.4 (2.6 to 8.3) | 13.6 (9.6 to 17.6) | 15.7 (10.8 to 20.5) | 34.1 (27.9 to 40.2) | |
| Change in percentage | +4.6 (1.5 to 7.7) | +11.4 (7.1 to 15.8) | +15.2 (10.3 to 20.1) | +26.1 (19.0 to 33.2) | |
| Central obesity, n (%) |
Phase 5 | 8.8 (5.2 to 12.3) | 20.8 (16.0 to 25.6) | 13.8 (9.2 to 18.4) | 35.0 (28.7 to 41.2) |
| Phase 6 | 43.8 (37.5 to 50.0) | 61.3 (55.6 to 67.0) | 54.8 (48.2 to 61.5) | 76.6 (71.0 to 82.1) | |
| Change in percentage | +35.0 (27.8 to 42.2) | +40.55 (33.1 to 47.9) | +41.0 (33.0 to 49.1) | +41.6 (33.3 to 49.9) | |
| Impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance, n (%) | Phase 5 | 20.8 (15.7 to 26.0) | 19.0 (14.4 to 23.6) | 22.1 (16.6 to 27.6) | 27.0 (21.2 to 32.8) |
| Phase 6 | 11.7 (7.6 to 15.7) | 14.7 (10.5 to 18.8) | 15.2 (10.4 to 20.0) | 22.6 (17.1 to 28.0) | |
| Change in percentage | −9.1 (−15.7 to 2.6) | −4.3 (-10.5 to 1.9) | −6.9 (−14.2 to 0.4) | −4.4 (−12.4 to 3.5) | |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) |
Phase 5 | 1.7 (0.0 to 3.3) | 3.9 (1.7 to 6.2) | 1.8 (0.1 to 3.6) | 3.5 (1.1 to 5.9) |
| Phase 6 | 18.8 (13.8 to 23.7) | 17.9 (13.4 to 22.4) | 11.5 (7.3 to 15.8) | 16.8 (11.9 to 21.7) | |
| Change in percentage | +17.1 (11.9 to 22.3) | +14.0 (8.9 to 19.0) | +9.7 (5.1 to 14.3) | +13.3 (7.8 to 18.7) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) |
Phase 5 | 1.7 (0.0 to 3.3) | 5.4 (2.7 to 8.0) | 0.5 (−0.4 to 1.4) | 0.9 (−0.3 to 2.1) |
| Phase 6 | 24.2 (18.8 to 29.6) | 28.4 (23.0 to 33.6) | 10.6 (6.5 to 14.7) | 12.4 (8.1 to 16.7) | |
| Change in percentage | +22.5 (16.8 to 28.2) | +23.0 (17.0 to 28.9) | +10.1 (5.9 to 14.3) | +11.5 (7.0 to 16.0) | |
| Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%) |
Phase 5 | 16.7 (12.0 to 21.4) | 25.5 (20.3 to 30.6) | 6.5 (3.2 to 9.7) | 10.6 (6.6 to 14.6) |
| Phase 6 | 38.8 (32.6 to 44.9) | 42.7 (36.8 to 48.5) | 17.1 (12.0 to 22.1) | 16.8 (11.9 to 21.7) | |
| Change in percentage | +22.1 (14.3 to 29.8) | +17.2 (9.5 to 24.9) | +10.6 (4.6 to 16.6) | +6.2 (−0.1 to 12.5) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) |
Phase 5 | 4.2 (1.6 to 6.7) | 15.4 (11.2 to 19.6) | 4.2 (1.5 to 6.8) | 12.8 (8.5 to 17.2) |
| Phase 6 | 15.8 (11.2 to 20.5) | 27.2 (22.0 to 32.5) |
8.8 (5.0 to 12.5) | 18.6 (13.5 to 23.7) | |
| Change in percentage | +11.6(6.4 to 16.9) | +11.8 (5.1 to 18.6) | +4.6 (0.0 to 9.2) | +5.8 (−0.9 to 12.4) | |
| Low HDL-cholesterol, n (%) |
Phase 5 | 65.8 (59.8 to 71.8) | 61.3 (55.6 to 67.0) | 82.0 (76.9 to 87.1) | 80.1 (74.9 to 85.3) |
| Phase 6 | 45.8 (39.5 to 52.1) | 54.8 (49.0 to 60.7) | 74.7 (68.9 to 80.4) | 69.5 (63.5 to 75.5) | |
| Change in percentage | −20.0 (−28.7 to −11.3) | −6.5 (−14.6 to 1.7) | −7.3 (−15.1 to 0.3) | −10.6 (−18.6 to −2.7) | |
CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.