Figure 1.

Structure of molecules used as agents activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Structure of dimethyl-fumarate (DMF), pioglitazone (pio), curcumin (Curc), and compounds synthesized by combining the hydroxycinnamoyl motif derived from curcumin and the allyl mercaptan moiety of garlic organosulfur compounds (Compound 1 and Compound 2). Compound 1 bears a catechol moiety and an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group, both conferring electrophilic features; compound 2 lacks these moieties.