Table 1.

The basic characteristics of all the participants

Item	PBL–CBL group (N = 276)	Traditional group (N = 293)	Statistics	P value
Grade			χ2 = 0.001	0.981
Fourth-year students	167	177
Residents	109	116
Gender			χ2 = 0.525	0.469
Male	145	144
Female	131	149
Age	21.49 ± 1.443	21.39 ± 1.354	T = 0.850	0.396