Table 1.
Characteristics of Adults (Total Numbers and Proportion by Sex) from Five Low- and Middle-Income Countries in the WHO-SAGE (2007–2010)
| Male, n = 11,734 (41.01%) | Female, n = 16,877 (58.99%) | Total, n = 28,611 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Country | |||
| India | 4,677 (39.86) | 7,441 (44.09) | 12,118 |
| Mexico | 983 (8.38) | 1,592 (9.43) | 2,575 |
| Russia | 1,546 (13.18) | 2,793 (16.55) | 4,339 |
| South Africa | 1,742 (14.85) | 2,339 (13.86) | 4,081 |
| Ghana | 2,786 (23.74) | 2,712 (16.07) | 5,498 |
| Age group (in years) | |||
| 18–49 | 1,986 (16.93) | 5,059 (29.98) | 7,045 |
| 50+ | 9,748 (83.07) | 11,818 (70.02) | 21,566 |
| Highest level of education | |||
| No formal schooling | 3,001 (25.58) | 6,612 (39.18) | 9,613 |
| Primary completed | 3,309 (28.20) | 4,214 (24.97) | 7,523 |
| Secondary completed | 4,317 (36.79) | 4,951 (29.34) | 9,268 |
| College or above | 1,107 9.43) | 1,100 (6.52) | 2,207 |
| Residence | |||
| Rural | 6,628 (56.49) | 8,696 (51.53) | 15,324 |
| Urban | 5,106 (43.51) | 8,181 (48.47) | 13,287 |
| Marital status | |||
| Never married | 603 (5.14) | 1,306 (7.74) | 1,909 |
| Currently married | 9,707 (82.73) | 9,336 (55.32) | 19,043 |
| Separated/widowed | 1,424 (12.14) | 6,235 (36.94) | 7,659 |
| Income quintilea | |||
| Poorest (Q1) | 2,033 (17.33) | 3,233 (19.16) | 5,266 |
| Poorer (Q2) | 2,232 (19.02) | 3,330 (19.73) | 5,562 |
| Middle (Q3) | 2,174 (18.53) | 3,366 (19.94) | 5,540 |
| Richer (Q4) | 2,491 (21.23) | 3,438 (20.37) | 5,929 |
| Richest (Q5) | 2,804 (23.90) | 3,510 (20.80) | 6,314 |
| Ever worked | |||
| Yes worked | 10,621 (94.59) | 10,839 (68.23) | 21,460 |
| Never worked | 607 (5.41) | 5,047 (31.77) | 5,654 |
| Social connectednessb | |||
| High | 3,095 (28.57) | 3,089 (20.37) | 6,184 |
| Moderate | 3,982 (36.75) | 4,534 (29.89) | 8,516 |
| Low | 3,757 (34.68) | 7,545 (49.74) | 11,302 |
China was excluded as data for caregiving were unavailable.
a
Income quintiles used as derived variable from the data, comprised 21 assets and amenities.
b
Details on composition of social connectedness are available in the Methods section.
WHO-SAGE, World Health Organization Study on Global AGEing, and Adult Health.