Table 3.
Prevalence Differences by Sex for Caregiving Status and Socioeconomic Determinants Along with Chi-Square Test of Association in the WHO-SAGE Study (2007–2010)
| No long-term sick adult at home |
1 (+) long-term sick adult at home |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respondent is not the main caregiver |
Respondent is the main caregiver |
|||||
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| Country | ||||||
| India | 4,092 (38.04) | 6,665 (61.96) | 256 (54.47) | 214 (45.53) | 329 (36.92) | 562 (63.08) |
| Mexico | 953 (38.23) | 1,540 (61.77) | 15 (68.18) | 7 (31.82) | 15 (25.0) | 45 (75.0) |
| Russia | 1,373 (35.29) | 2,518 (64.71) | 67 (61.47) | 42 (38.53) | 106 (31.27) | 233 (68.72) |
| South Africa | 1,696 (42.87) | 2,260 (57.13) | 12 (46.15) | 14 (53.85) | 34 (34.34) | 65 (65.66) |
| Ghana | 2,674 (50.71) | 2,599 (49.29) | 30 (53.57) | 26 (46.43) | 82 (48.52) | 87 (51.48) |
| Area of residence | ||||||
| Rural | 6,001 (42.95) | 7,972 (57.05) | 273 (57.59) | 201 (42.41) | 354 (40.36) | 523 (59.64) |
| Urban | 4,787 (38.61) | 7,610 (61.39) | 107 (51.20) | 102 (48.80) | 212 (31.13) | 469 (68.87) |
| Age (in years) | ||||||
| 18–35 | 676 (22.56) | 2,321 (77.44) | 24 22.64) | 82 (77.36) | 42 (22.58) | 144 (77.42) |
| 35–59 | 4,808 (42.53) | 6,498 (57.47) | 166 (67.21) | 81 (32.79) | 261 (34.62) | 493 (65.38) |
| 60+ | 5,304 (43.95) | 6,763 (56.05) | 190 (57.58) | 140 (42.42) | 263 (42.56) | 355 (57.44) |
| Education | ||||||
| No formal school | 2,759 (31.10) | 6,112 (68.90) | 102 (42.86) | 136 (57.14) | 140 (27.78) | 364 (72.22) |
| Completed primary | 3,064 (43.73) | 3,942 (56.27) | 106 (59.22) | 73 (40.78) | 139 (41.12) | 199 (58.88) |
| Completed secondary | 3,953 (46.61) | 4,528 (53.39) | 135 (63.98) | 76 (36.02) | 229 (39.76) | 347 (60.24) |
| College or above | 1,012 (50.30) | 1,000 (49.70) | 37 (67.27) | 18 (32.73) | 58 (41.43) | 82 (58.57) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never married | 570 (32.15) | 1,203 (67.85) | 14 (25.45) | 41 (74.55) | 19 (23.46) | 62 (76.54) |
| Currently married | 8,899 (51.23) | 8,481 (48.77) | 314 (66.11) | 161 (33.89) | 494 (41.24) | 704 (58.76) |
| Separated–widowed | 1,319 (18.25) | 5,908 (81.75) | 52 (33.99) | 101 (66.01) | 53 (190.0) | 226 (81.0) |
| Income quintile | ||||||
| Poorest (Q1) | 1,882 (38.12) | 3,055 (61.88) | 53 (60.92) | 34 (39.08) | 98 (40.50) | 144 (59.50) |
| Poorer (Q2) | 2,063 (40.03) | 3,090 (59.97) | 65 (52.85) | 58 (47.15) | 104 (36.36) | 182 (63.64) |
| Middle (Q3) | 2,004 (39.25) | 3,102 (60.75) | 67 (50.0) | 67 (650.0) | 103 (34.33) | 197 (65.67) |
| Richer (Q4) | 2,270 (41.84) | 3,155 (58.16) | 87 (56.86) | 66 (43.14) | 134 (38.18) | 217 (61.82) |
| Richest (Q5) | 2,569 (44.69) | 3,180 (55.31) | 108 (58.06) | 78 (41.94) | 127 (33.51) | 252 (66.49) |
| Ever worked | ||||||
| Yes worked | 9,098 (49.30) | 9,972 (50.70) | 372 (68.51) | 171 (31.49) | 551 (44.19) | 696 (55.81) |
| Never worked | 589 (11.29) | 4,627 (88.71) | 8 (5.81) | 132 (94.29) | 15 (4.82) | 296 (95.18) |
| Social network tertile | ||||||
| High | 4,366 (48.74) | 4,592 (51.26) | 138 (65.71) | 72 (34.29) | 214 (44.21) | 270 (55.79) |
| Med | 3,366 (40.59) | 4,927 (59.41) | 151 (56.34) | 117 (43.66) | 241 (38.19) | 390 (61.81) |
| Low | 2,173 (32.80) | 4,452 (67.20 | 85 (48.02) | 92 (51.98) | 100 (28.09) | 256 (71.91) |