Figure 1.

Reduction rates of 0.3 ml of tested antimicrobial irrigation solutions Lavanox® (LVX; <0.08% NaClO), Kerrasol® (KSL; <0.08% NaClO), and Actimaris®forte (AMF; 0.2% NaClO, 3% sal maris) compared to an untreated control (CTRL) in planktonic (QSM) and biofilm (hpBIOM) form (here against Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Bacterial counts (in log₁₀ cfu/ml) are outlined over the course of 72 h of treatment after an initial biofilm maturation period of 12 h. Dotted horizontal line indicates the cut-off for a high antimicrobial efficacy (≥3 log₁₀ reduction steps). Dashed vertical line indicates onset of treatment with the different antimicrobial agents after 12 h of biofilm maturation. Values are expressed as means ± standard error of the mean (sem) and time-kill-curves of bacteria in planktonic state (QSM) are only depicted for 24 h. All experiments were performed in triplicates.