Figure 8.

Energetic electron signatures associated with the interaction between Europa and the Jovian magnetosphere observed during Juno's approach to periapsis (PeriJove 18). The top panel illustrates the geometry of the observations in magnetic coordinates. Juno's trajectory is illustrated in this coordinate system in gray and black; the black section from hour 12 through hour 16 on day 43 corresponds to the path traversed by the spacecraft during the observations (energetic electron counts) shown in the bottom two panels. The center panel shows the variation in radial distance to the magnetic equator for field lines crossed by Juno and the satellite Europa, as a function of time. Separation between the two in longitude was near 0 throughout the interval. The more complex, broadened signature at ~15:00 is due to interaction with the satellite Io and the Io torus.