Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants, by Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Status and Viral Suppression Status
| Total cohort, N = 759 | Achieved ART Initiation, n = 682 | Did Not Achieve ART Initiation, n = 77 | P Value | Achieved VS, n = 628 | Did Not Achieve VS, n = 131 | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| Age, median (IQR) | … | 41.8 (31.5–51.6) | 42.5 (28.1–50.2) | .33 | 42.0 (32.1–51.6) | 41.3 (28.3–51.5) | .34 |
| Sex at birth | … | … | … | .30 | … | … | .24 |
| Male | 564 (74.3%) | 503 (73.8%) | 61 (79.2%) | 472 (75.2) | 92 (70.2) | ||
| Female | 195 (25.7%) | 179 (26.2%) | 16 (20.8%) | 156 (24.8) | 39 (29.8) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | … | … | … | .37 | … | … | .14 |
| NH Black | 620 (81.7%) | 560 (82.1%) | 60 (77.9%) | 507 (80.7) | 113 (86.3) | ||
| All other races | 139 (18.3%) | 122 (17.9%) | 17 (22.1%) | 121 (19.3) | 18 (13.7) | ||
| State of residence | … | … | … | .08 | … | … | .47 |
| District of Columbia | 579 (76.3%) | 528 (77.4%) | 51 (66.2%) | 474 (75.5) | 105 (80.2) | ||
| Maryland | 140 (18.4%) | 118 (17.3%) | 22 (28.6%) | 118 (18.8) | 22 (16.8) | ||
| Virginia | 34 (4.5%) | 30 (4.4%) | 4 (5.2%) | 30 (4.8) | 4 (3.0) | ||
| Other | 6 (.8%) | 6 (.9%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (.9) | 0 (0) | ||
| Transmission risk | … | … | … | .23 | … | … | .27 |
| MSM | 315 (41.5%) | 281 (41.2%) | 34 (44.2%) | 270 (43.0) | 45 (34.4) | ||
| IDU | 60 (7.9%) | 50 (7.3%) | 10 (13%) | 48 (7.6) | 12 (9.1) | ||
| Heterosexual | 272 (35.8%) | 247 (36.2%) | 25 (32.5%) | 217 (34.6) | 55 (42.0) | ||
| Other/unknown | 112 (14.8%) | 104 (15.2%) | 8 (10.4%) | 93 (14.8) | 19 (14.5) | ||
| Insurance status, baseline | … | … | … | .06 | … | … | .29 |
| Public | 458 (60.3%) | 419 (61.4%) | 39 (50.6%) | 375 (59.7) | 83 (63.4) | ||
| Private | 196 (25.8%) | 175 (25.7%) | 21 (27.3%) | 169 (26.9) | 27 (20.6) | ||
| Other/unknown | 105 (13.8%) | 88 (12.9%) | 17 (22.1%) | 84 (13.4) | 21 (16.0) | ||
| Median HIV duration in years (IQR) | … | 5.7 (1.0–12.1) | 3.0 (.8–13.4) | .33 | 5.39 (.82–12.07) | 5.73 (1.93–13.47) | .22 |
| AIDS diagnosis at enrollmenta | 265 (34.9%) | 254 (37.2%) | 11 (14.3%) | <.0001 | 214 (34.08) | 51 (38.9) | .29 |
| CD4 count at enrollment, median (IQR) | … | 396 (204–575) | 632.5 (459–825) | <.0001 | 417 (230–595) | 469 (196–673) | .11 |
| Substance use, ever (baseline assessment) | 279 (36.8%) | 248 (36.4%) | 31 (40.3%) | .50 | 229 (36.5) | 50 (38.2) | .71 |
| Calendar year of DC Cohort enrollment | … | … | … | .97 | … | … | .17 |
| 2011 | 246 (32.4%) | 219 (32.1%) | 27 (35.1%) | 213 (33.9) | 33 (25.2) | ||
| 2012 | 169 (22.3%) | 151 (22.1%) | 18 (23.4%) | 143 (22.8) | 26 (19.9) | ||
| 2013 | 115 (15.2%) | 105 (15.4%) | 10 (13%) | 87 (13.9) | 28 (21.4) | ||
| 2014 | 123 (16.2%) | 110 (16.1%) | 13 (16.9%) | 99 (15.8) | 24 (18.3) | ||
| 2015 | 94 (12.4%) | 86 (12.6%) | 8 (10.4%) | 76 (12.1) | 18 (13.7) | ||
| 2016 | 12 (1.6%) | 11 (1.6%) | 1 (1.3%) | 10 (1.6) | 2 (1.5) | ||
| Chronic hepatitis C | 115 (15.2%) | 101 (14.8%) | 14 (18.2%) | .43 | 93 (14.8) | 22 (16.8) | .56 |
| Chronic hepatitis B | 30 (4.0%) | 29 (4.3%) | 1 (1.3%) | .35 | 27 (4.3) | 3 (2.3) | .28 |
| Mental health/depression, baseline | 336 (44.3%) | 304 (44.6%) | 32 (41.6%) | .61 | 279 (44.4) | 57 (43.5) | .85 |
Data are from the DC Cohort, 2011–2018. N = 759.
Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ART, antiretroviral therapy; DC, District of Columbia; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDU, injection drug user; IQR, interquartile range; MSM, men who have sex with men; NH, non-Hispanic; OI, opportunistic infection; VS, viral suppression.
aOpportunistic infection at AIDS diagnosis is any AIDS-defining condition that does not include those with CD4 counts <200 cells/mm3 or CD4% <14.