Table 3.
Proportion of Individuals in Study Cohort, by Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Status
| Proportion Attending Clinic With: | Achieved ART Initiation, n = 682 | Did Not Achieve ART Initiation, n = 77 | aHR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Systematic monitoring of retention in care | 446 (65.4%) | 39 (50.6%)** | 1.37 (1.16–1.62)* |
| Substance abuse counseling offered in clinic | 345 (50.6%) | 47 (61%) | .83 (.61–1.11) |
| Opioid treatment offered in clinic | 247 (36.2%) | 30 (39%) | .98 (.67–1.43) |
| Case management services offered in clinic | 435 (63.8%) | 50 (64.9%) | .96 (.67–1.38) |
| HIV + peer intervention program | 578 (84.8%) | 65 (84.4%) | 1.11 (.74–1.67) |
| Navigation services available on site | 473 (69.4%) | 56 (72.7%) | 1.01 (.71–1.43) |
| Medication dispensing review | 349 (51.2%) | 29 (37.7%)** | 1.34(1.07–1.68)* |
| Ryan White funding recipient | 422 (61.9%) | 46 (59.7%) | 1.02 (.73–1.43) |
| Red Carpet Program (new patient appointment in 1–2 days) participant | 320 (46.9%) | 39 (50.6%) | .92 (.67–1.28) |
| MD and PA or NP practicing at site | 518 (76.0%) | 67 (87.0%)** | .72 (.55–.96)* |
| Evening hours available | 397 (58.2%) | 46 (59.7%) | .91 (.65–1.25) |
| Psychiatry and gynecology both available at DC Cohort site | 516 (75.7%) | 49 (63.6%)** | 1.40 (1.12–1.75)* |
| Greater than 3 additional medical services available at DC Cohort site | 455 (66.7%) | 44 (57.1%) | 1.27 (.93–1.74) |
| Urgent care available at clinic | 527 (77.3%) | 55 (71.4%) | 1.19 (.83–1.69) |
| Enhanced adherence support services available at clinic | 513 (75.2%) | 61 (79.2%) | .98 (.69–1.39) |
| Care for persons of any income or insurance status | 465 (68.2%) | 47 (61%) | 1.14 (.83–1.56) |
Data show the numbers of patients attending a clinic with the listed clinic-level factor, and the association of each clinic-level factor with ART initiation. Data are from the DC Cohort, 2011–2018. Each point estimate reported in this table is the aHR for the listed clinic-level variable, included as the only clinic-level variable in a model adjusted for the following individual-level variables: age, race/ethnicity, HIV transmission risk factor, sex, insurance, year of enrollment, and presence of chronic hepatitis C.
Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; DC, District of Columbia; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MD, medical doctor; NP, nurse practitioner; PA, physician assistant.
*P < .05; **P < .05, comparing the proportion of individuals with each characteristic achieving/not achieving ART initiation.