Table 4.
Proportion of Individuals in Study Cohort, by Viral Suppression Status
| Proportion Attending Clinic With: | Achieved VS, n = 628 | Did Not Achieve VS, n = 131 | aHR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Systematic monitoring of retention in care | 408 (65.0) | 77 (58.8) | 1.44 (1.23–1.69)* |
| Substance abuse counseling offered in clinic | 329 (52.4) | 63 (48.1) | 1.15 (.80–1.65) |
| Opioid treatment offered in clinic | 243 (38.7) | 34 (26.0)** | 1.36 (1.04–1.77)* |
| Case management services offered in clinic | 399 (63.5) | 86 (65.7) | 1.03 (.70–1.51) |
| HIV + peer intervention program | 539 (85.8) | 104 (79.4) | 1.72 (1.39–2.14)* |
| Navigation services available on site | 450 (71.7) | 79 (60.3)** | 1.42 (1.04–1.95)* |
| Medication dispensing review | 318 (50.6) | 60 (45.8) | 1.36 (1.15–1.61)* |
| Ryan White funding recipient | 381 (60.7) | 87 (66.4) | 1.17 (.93–1.48) |
| Red Carpet Program (new patient appointment in 1–2 days) participant | 285 (45.4) | 74 (56.5)** | 1.08 (.83–1.42) |
| MD and PA or NP practicing at site | 477 (76.0) | 108 (82.4) | .78 (.63–.98)* |
| Evening hours available | 358 (57.0) | 85 (64.9) | 1.08 (.82–1.41) |
| Psychiatry and gynecology both available at DC Cohort site | 483 (76.9) | 82 (62.6)** | 1.64 (1.38–1.93)* |
| Greater than 3 additional medical services available at DC Cohort site | 418 (66.6) | 81 (61.8) | .95 (.67–1.35) |
| Urgent care available at clinic | 497 (79.1) | 85 (64.9)** | 1.15 (.91–1.46) |
| Enhanced adherence support services available at clinic | 480 (76.4) | 94 (71.8) | 1.49 (1.14–1.96)* |
| Care for persons of any income or insurance status | 435 (69.3) | 77 (58.8)** | 1.35 (1.09–1.68)* |
Data show the numbers of patients attending a clinic with the listed clinic-level factor, and the association of each clinic-level factor with ART initiation. Data are from the DC Cohort, 2011–2018. Each point estimate reported in this table is the aHR for the listed clinic-level variable, included as the only clinic-level variable in a model adjusted for the following individual-level variables: age, race/ethnicity, HIV transmission risk factor, sex, insurance, year of enrollment, and presence of chronic hepatitis C.
Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; DC, District of Columbia; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MD, medical doctor; NP, nurse practitioner; PA, physician assistant; VS, viral suppression.
*P < .05; **P < .05, comparing proportion of individuals with each characteristic achieving/not achieving ART initiation.