Table 1b.

Child Language Use and Corresponding Examples

Child language measure	Examples
Label	That is a dog
Description	We saw a big spider last week
Open-ended question	What did we have for dinner?
Closed-ended question	Did we have pizza for lunch yesterday?
Reframe	The car was red, not blue
Affirmation	Mother says, “you were so scared”; child says, “yeah I was”
Repetition	Mother says, “daddy”; child repeats, “daddy”
Request for repetition	Huh?
Expansion	Mother says, “school”; child says, “I went to school”
Extension	Mother says, “beach”; child says, “we went to the beach and I went swimming!”
Recast	Mother says, “grandma pie”; child says, “did grandma bake a pie?”
Direct action request	Change the topic
Indirect action request	Can we change the topic?
Attention directive	Here!
Positive feedback	Right!
Negative feedback	No!