Table 2a.
Language Background of Thai and American Children
| Thai Mean (SE) | American Mean (SE) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total number (female) | 21 (11) | 21 (10) | - |
| Age (months) | 53.19 (0.97) | 52.43 (0.82) | .55 |
| Age of Thai acquisition (years) | 0.17 (0.15) | - | - |
| Age of English acquisition (years) | 1.40 (0.23) | 0 (0) | < .001 |
| Age of other language acquisition (years) | - | 1.23 (0.45) | - |
| Current exposure to Thaia | 91.19 (1.54) | - | - |
| Current exposure to Englisha | 8.81 (1.54) | 99.50 (0.22) | < .001 |
| Current exposure to other languagea | - | 0.50 (0.22) | - |
| Mother-reported Thai proficiencyb | 5.24 (0.30) | - | - |
| Mother-reported English proficiencyb | 2.44 (0.35) | 6.17 (0.28) | < .001 |
| Mother-reported other language proficiencyb | - | 0.92 (0.16) | - |
| Thai/English receptive vocabulary (PPVT) | 65.14 (4.55) | 72.67 (2.67) | .16 |
| Thai/English expressive vocabulary (EVT) | 45.95 (1.37) | 49.62 (1.57) | .09 |
Note.
a
Exposure was reported in terms of percentage per day.
b
Proficiency was averaged across speaking, understanding, and reading domains, measured using the LEAP-Q, on a 0–10 scale.