Table 2b.
Language Background of Thai and American Mothers
| Thai Mean (SE) | American Mean (SE) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total number | 21 | 21 | - |
| Age (years) | 37.66 (0.95) | 37.16 (1.20) | .74 |
| Education (years) | 18.55 (0.67) | 18.00 (0.77) | .59 |
| Age of Thai acquisition (years) | 1.60 (0.40) | - | - |
| Age of English acquisition (years) | 8.91 (0.95) | 0.17 (0.12) | < .001 |
| Age of other language acquisition (years) | - | 11.56 (1.26) | - |
| Current exposure to Thaia | 91.43 (1.61) | - | - |
| Current exposure to Englisha | 8.57 (1.61) | 98.81 (0.43) | < .001 |
| Current exposure to other languagea | - | 1.17 (0.44) | - |
| Self-reported Thai proficiencyb | 9.13 (0.19) | - | - |
| Self-reported English proficiencyb | 4.25 (0.36) | 9.46 (0.13) | < .001 |
| Self-reported other language proficiencyb | - | 3.70 (0.54) | - |
| Thai/English receptive vocabulary (PPVT) | 195.57 (0.85) | 193.14 (1.46) | .16 |
| Thai/English expressive vocabulary (EVT) | 148.24 (2.94) | 155.33 (3.35) | .12 |
Note.
a
Exposure was reported in terms of percentage per day.
b
Proficiency was averaged across speaking, understanding, and reading domains, measured using the LEAP-Q, on a 0–10 scale.