Table 3c.

Pearson’s r Correlations Between Maternal and Child Language Use

Language measure	Culture
	Both groups	American	Thai
Label	0.86 ***	0.84 ***	0.49 *
Description	0.50 ***	0.61 **	0.42 †
Open-ended question	0.28 †	0.12	0.34
Closed-ended question	0.10	0.01	0.24
Reframe	0.38 *	0.37 †	N/A
Affirmation	0.42 **	0.07	0.46 *
Repetition	0.07	0.23	−0.02
Request for repetition	−0.06	−0.29	0.16
Expansion	0.20	0.16	0.25
Extension	0.12	0.38 †	−0.02
Recast	−0.05	−0.28	N/A
Direct action request	0.04	0.14	−0.24
Indirect action request	−0.10	0.04	−0.13
Attention directive	0.09	0.58 **	0
Positive feedback	0.10	0.34	0.45 *
Negative feedback	0.42 **	0.37	0.04
Total utterances	0.87 ***	0.82 ***	0.92 ***
Total words	0.78 ***	0.59 **	0.86 ***

Note.

^†p < .10

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001.