Table 4.

Mean Frequencies (Standard Errors) of Child Language Use

Child language measure	Culture		F value	Child Gender		F value	Interaction F value
	American n = 21	Thai n = 21		Boys n = 21	Girls n = 21
Label	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0
Description	0.86 (0.22)	0.75 (0.31)	0.08	1.00 (0.30)	0.59 (0.22)	1.20	0.43
Open-ended question	0.19 (0.08)	0.13 (0.07)	0.25	0.17 (0.08)	0.15 (0.08)	0.04	1.55
Closed-ended question	0.30 (0.09)	0.31 (0.11)	0.01	0.36 (0.10)	0.24 (0.10)	0.71	3.49†
Reframe	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0
Affirmation	0.005 (0.004)	0 (0)	1.00	0.005 (0.004)	0 (0)	0.90	0.90
Repetition	0.08 (0.06)	0.08 (0.04)	0.001	0.08 (0.04)	0.09 (0.06)	0.02	5.19*
Request for repetition	0 (0)	0.12 (0.07)	2.77	0.07 (0.05)	0.05 (0.05)	0.04	0.04
Expansion	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0
Extension	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0
Recast	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0
Direct action request	0.08 (0.07)	0.03 (0.03)	0.42	0.10 (0.07)	0 (0)	1.88	0.38
Indirect action request	0.02 (0.02)	0.01 (0.01)	0.20	0.01 (0.01)	0.02 (0.02)	0.26	1.87
Attention directive	0 (0)	0.02 (0.02)	1.01	0 (0)	0.02 (0.02)	1.11	1.11
Positive feedback	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0
Negative feedback	0.01 (0.01)	0.20 (0.20)	0.86	0.19 (0.20)	0.01 (0.01)	0.77	1.04
Total utterances	24.07 (2.50)	18.17 (2.42)	2.80	21.64 (2.54)	20.59 (2.54)	0.05	1.39
Total words	189.01 (29.59)	101.78 (22.59)	5.37*	158.43 (31.05)	132.35 (24.39)	0.35	1.84

Note.

^†p < .10

^*p < .05.