Table 4.
Total TCI-14 Scores and sub-scale scores at each site.
| Country | Site | Total TCI/Sub-scales | Mean (range) Baseline |
Mean (range) Follow-up |
Mean Difference | Effect size | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | AT1 | Total TCI | 3.67 (3.00–4.36) | 4.21 (2.75–4.93) | 0.54 | 0.33 | 0.13 |
| Vision | 3.75 (2.75–4.50) | 4.09 (3.00–4.75) | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.37 | ||
| Participative Safety | 3.79 (3.00–4.75 | 4.31 (2.50–5.00) | 0.53 | 0.4 | 0.21 | ||
| Task Orientation | 3.81 (3.33–5.00) | 4.25 (3.00–5.00) | 0.44 | 0.39 | 0.27 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 3.29 (3.00–4.00) | 4.21 (2.67–5.00) | 0.92 | 0.33 | *0.01 | ||
| Estonia | EST1 | Total TCI | 4.76 (4.57–4.86) | 4.07 (3.36–4.86) | –0.68 | 0.12 | *<0.01 |
| Vision | 4.75 (4.75–4.75) | 4.20 (3.25–5.00) | –0.55 | 0.13 | *<0.01 | ||
| Participative Safety | 4.68 (4.50–5.00) | 4.20 (3.25–5).00 | –0.48 | 0.16 | *<0.01 | ||
| Task Orientation | 4.76 (4.33–5.00) | 3.87 (3.00–5.00) | –0.90 | 0.19 | *<0.01 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 4.86 (4.67–5.00) | 3.93 (3.00– 5.00) | –0.92 | 0.20 | *<0.01 | ||
| EST2 | Total TCI | 4.52 (3.64–5.00) | 4.28 (3.71–4.79) | –0.24 | 0.19 | 0.23 | |
| Vision | 4.65 (4.25–5.00) | 4.38 (4.00– 4.75) | –0.27 | 0.16 | 0.13 | ||
| Participative Safety | 4.54 (4.00–5.00) | 4.35 (3.75–4.75) | –0.19 | 0.18 | 0.30 | ||
| Task Orientation | 4.19 (2.67–5.00) | 3.89 (3.00–4.67) | –0.31 | 0.40 | 0.45 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 4.64 (3.33–5.00) | 4.44 (4.00–5.00) | –0.19 | 0.22 | 0.39 | ||
| Germany | GER1 | Total TCI | 4.64 (4.43–4.93) | 4.33 (4.00–4.71) | –0.32 | 0.11 | *0.01 |
| Vision | 4.62 (4.25–4.75) | 4.46 (4.25–4.75) | –0.16 | 0.11 | 0.16 | ||
| Participative Safety | 4.96 (4.75–5.00) | 4.50 (4.00–5.00) | –0.46 | 0.14 | *0.01 | ||
| Task Orientation | 4.44 (3.67–5.00) | 3.86 (3.33–4.67) | –0.59 | 0.30 | 0.07 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 4.44 (4.00–5.00) | 4.38 (4.00–5.00) | –0.06 | 0.24 | 0.79 | ||
| GER2 | Total TCI | 4.19 (3.64–4.64) | 4.16 (3.86–4.57) | –0.03 | 0.14 | 0.81 | |
| Vision | 4.12 (3.75–4.50) | 4.05 (3.75–4.75) | –0.08 | 0.13 | 0.58 | ||
| Participative Safety | 4.40 (3.75–5.00) | 4.45 (4.00– 4.75) | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.79 | ||
| Task Orientation | 4.23 (3.67–5.00) | 4.13 (3.33–5.00) | –0.10 | 0.21 | 0.64 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 3.97 (3.00–4.67) | 3.97 (3.00–4.67) | 0.00 | 0.24 | 1.00 | ||
| Netherlands | NL1 | Total TCI | 3.25 (1.79–4.86) | 3.56 (2.07–4.21) | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.36 |
| Vision | 3.62 (1.50–4.75) | 3.67 (2.25–4.50) | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.89 | ||
| Participative Safety | 3.12 (1.75–5.00) | 3.67 (1.50–4.25) | 0.54 | 0.43 | 0.23 | ||
| Task Orientation | 2.90 (1.00–5.00) | 3.30 (2.67–4.00) | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.31 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 3.27 (2.00–4.67) | 3.37 (2.00–4.33) | 0.10 | 0.32 | 0.75 | ||
| NL2 | Total TCI | 3.39 (3.00–3.80) | 3.47 (3.07–3.93) | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.65 | |
| Vision | 3.00 (3.00– 3.00) | 3.17 (3.00–3.50) | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.42 | ||
| Participative Safety | 3.84 (3.00–4.50) | 4.00 (3.25–5.00) | 0.16 | 0.35 | 0.66 | ||
| Task Orientation | 2.83 (2.00–3.67) | 3.07 (2.67–3.33) | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.30 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 3.46 (3.00–4.00) | 3.47 (3.00–4.00) | 0.01 | 0.24 | 0.97 | ||
| Norway | NO1 | Total TCI | 3.85 (2.93–4.64) | 3.95 (3.14–4.64) | 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.61 |
| Vision | 4.11 (3.00–4.75) | 4.23 (3.75–4.75) | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.45 | ||
| Participative Safety | 3.83 (2.50–4.75) | 3.90 (3.25–5.00) | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.75 | ||
| Task Orientation | 3.58 (2.33–4.67) | 3.67 (2.33–4.67) | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.76 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 3.77 (3.00–4.67) | 3.90 (2.67–5.00) | 0.13 | 0.24 | 0.59 | ||
| NO2 | Total TCI | 3.77 (3.14–4.29) | 3.63 (2.93–4.64) | –0.14 | 0.18 | 0.45 | |
| Vision | 3.92 (3.50–4.25) | 3.62 (3.00–4.75) | –0.30 | 0.17 | 0.09 | ||
| Participative Safety | 4.14 (3.5 0– 4.75) | 4.00 (3.00–5.00) | –0.14 | 0.19 | 0.48 | ||
| Task Orientation | 3.70 (2.67–5.00) | 3.64 (3.00–4.67) | –0.06 | 0.27 | 0.82 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 3.15 (2.33–4.33) | 3.15 (1.67–4.33) | 0.01 | 0.34 | 0.98 | ||
| Spain (Catalonia) | SP1 | Total TCI | 3.82 (2.00–5.00) | 4.04 (2.57– 5.00) | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.06 |
| Vision | 3.99 (2.00–5.00) | 4.29(2.25–5.00) | 0.27 | 0.12 | *0.02 | ||
| Participative Safety | 4.03 (2.00–5.00) | 4.15(2.25– 5.00) | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.39 | ||
| Task Orientation | 3.74 (2.00–5.00) | 3.96 (2.00–5.00) | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.16 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 3.39 (1.67–5.00) | 3.64 (2.00– 5.00) | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.11 | ||
| SP2 | Total TCI | 3.97 (3.54–4.71) | 4.47 (4.00–4.75) | 0.50 | 0.13 | *0.01 | |
| Vision | 4.09 (3.50–5.00) | 4.53 (3.75–5.00) | 0.43 | 0.18 | *0.02 | ||
| Participative Safety | 4.18 (3.00–5.00) | 4.72 (4.00–5.00) | 0.54 | 0.2 | *0.01 | ||
| Task Orientation | 3.85 (3.00–4.33) | 4.57 (4.00–5.00) | 0.72 | 0.18 | *0.01 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 3.64 (2.33–5.00) | 4.00 (3.67–4.67) | 0.36 | 0.26 | 0.18 | ||
| United Kingdom | UK1 | Total TCI | 3.97 (3.07–5.00) | 4.10 (2.64–4.85) | 0.14 | 0.2 | 0.49 |
| Vision | 3.97 (3.00–5.00) | 4.18 (2.75–4.75) | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.25 | ||
| Participative Safety | 4.09 (3.00–5.00) | 4.24 (2.75–5.00) | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.46 | ||
| Task Orientation | 3.94 (2.67–5.00) | 3.98 (2.33–5.00) | 0.04 | 0.25 | 0.87 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 3.82 (2.67–5.00) | 3.93 (2.00–5.00) | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.68 | ||
| UK2 | Total TCI | 4.11 (3.64–4.64) | 3.77 (3.43–4.14) | –0.34 | 0.23 | 0.17 | |
| Vision | 4.25 (4.00–4.50) | 3.50 (3.00–3.75) | –0.75 | 0.2 | *0.01 | ||
| Participative Safety | 4.43 (3.75–5.00) | 3.88 (3.75–4.00) | –0.55 | 0.19 | *0.02 | ||
| Task Orientation | 3.76 (3.00–4.67) | 3.83 (3.00–5.00) | 0.07 | 0.51 | 0.89 | ||
| Support for Innovation | 3.86 (3.00–4.33) | 3.92 (3.00–5.00) | 0.06 | 0.49 | 0.90 | ||
* significant at p < 0.05.