Table 1.
Anthropometric characteristics, muscle quality and strength by exercise group.
| CE (n = 12) | CEBR (n = 12) | ECC (n = 13) | PLY (n = 12) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 67.5 ± 4.7 | 67 ± 3.3 | 67.3 ± 4.5 | 65.4 ± 3.7 |
| Height (cm) | 174.5 ± 5.5 | 176.9 ± 4.6 | 176.1 ± 4.8 | 176 ± 4.8 |
| Body mass (kg) | 81.5 ± 13 | 77.4 ± 9.7 | 77.5 ± 9.9 | 76.6 ± 8.9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 ± 4.9 | 24.7 ± 2.5 | 24.9 ± 2.5 | 24.7 ± 2.2 |
| MQI (W/kg muscle mass) | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 5.8 ± 1 | 5.4 ± 0.9 |
| 1-RM left (kg) | 57.3 ± 8.8 | 55 ± 5.3 | 58.6 ± 9.5 | 54 ± 7.4 |
| 1-RM right (kg) | 55 ± 7.7 | 53.5 ± 5.3 | 57.3 ± 8.8 | 55.5 ± 6 |
| Rel. 1-RM left (kg/kg body mass) | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 |
| Rel. 1-RM right (kg/kg body mass) | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 |
CE: Concentric-eccentric knee extension exercise, CEBR: Concentric-eccentric knee extension exercise followed by foam rolling, ECC: Eccentric knee extension exercise, PLY: Plyometric exercise. MQI: muscle quality index [46]. 1-RM: knee extension one-repetition maximum load. Note that all subjects were stratified by the muscle quality index and then assigned to two out of the four exercise groups.