Fig. 1.

Juvenile Phospho1^−/− mice display increased insulin sensitivity and decreased fat mass. Phospho1^−/− mice showed decreased (a, b) growth and live weight at 35 days of age and (c) fasting glucose, (d, e) improved glucose and insulin tolerance and (f) decreased adipose tissue. Notable differences in tissue mass were also observed in the liver, quadriceps and spleen. These changes were not a consequence of (i) altered food intake or (j) energy expenditure. Data in (a) and are shown as mean ± SEM of 16–17 mice per group, (b) mean ± SEM 6–8 mice per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and the data were assessed as follows: (a, d, e) repeated measures two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test; (b, c) two-tailed t test; (f, g) two-tailed unpaired t test; (i) two-tailed Mann–Whitney test; (j) two-tailed unpaired t test