Table 1.

Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Adult Study Participants (n = 349)

	Overall		Males		Females		P a
	n	349	n	157	n	192
		Median (IQR)		Median (IQR)		Median (IQR)
Sociodemographics
Age at follow-up (years)b	349	44.0 (40.0, 47.0)	157	44.0 (40.0, 47.0)	192	44.0 (41.0, 47.5)	0.79
Anthropometry
BMI (kg/m2)	349	27.8 (24.8, 31.1)	157	26.5 (24.3, 29.4)	192	28.9 (25.9, 32.4)	<0.01
Biochemical indicators
Glucose profile
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	349	98.6 (93.1, 105.2)	157	97.5 (93.2, 104.0)	192	99.3 (93.0, 105.6)	0.65
Postprandial glucose (mg/dL)	349	109.3 (95.6, 123.6)	157	100.7 (90.8, 116.4)	192	116.6 (102.9, 128.4)	<0.01
Glycated hemoglobin (%)	348	5.8 (5.5, 6.0)	157	5.7 (5.5, 5.9)	191	5.8 (5.6, 6.0)	<0.01
Lipid profile
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	349	144.0 (100.0, 207.0)	157	142.0 (98.0, 213.0)	192	144.5 (101.5, 197.0)	0.89
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	349	175.0 (151.0, 198.0)	157	167.0 (143.0, 189.0)	192	182.0 (158.0, 208.0)	<0.01
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	349	40.7 (36.3, 46.8)	157	37.8 (33.7, 44.6)	192	42.5 (37.9, 48.9)	<0.01
Non-HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)c	349	132.1 (110.7, 154.3)	157	124.4 (104.0, 149.6)	192	136.9 (116.7, 159.1)	<0.01
Clinical
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	349	122.0 (113.5, 132.0)	157	123.0 (114.5, 132.0)	192	120.5 (112.0, 131.8)	0.24
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	349	73.5 (67.5, 80.5)	157	73.5 (67.5, 79.5)	192	73.3 (67.5, 80.5)	0.60

Data values are either median (IQR) or n (%). Among study participants with available metabolomic data at both timepoints and key variables of interest (CMDs, Atole exposure).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CMDs, cardiometabolic diseases; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range.

^a P values based on Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.

^bAt study visit date (of biological sample collection) in 2015–2017 data collection.

^cNon-HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) calculated as the difference between total (mg/dL) and HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) plasma concentrations.