TABLE VI.
Comparison of PS Classification and EE Estimation Results of Our Proposed Method with Other Similar Studies (RF: Random Forest; LMT: Logistic Model Tree; Inertial sensor includes 3D sensing unit: accelerometers, magnetometers, and gyroscopes; All acceloremeter sensors were 3-D)
Comparison of PS Classification Results | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Reference | Used Sensors | Accuracy(%) | Algorithm | Sensor Place | Device |
2016 | [117] | ACC | 81 | NN | Wrist | Wrist-mounted 3-D Accelerometers |
2015 | [118] | ACC,Gyroscope | 85 | LMT | Neck | MinimaxX S4 |
2016 | [119] | Inertial Sensor | 97 | DT | Shoes | Physilog Gait Up |
2015 | [120] | Inertial Sensor | 95 | k-NN | Wrist, Ankle, Trunk | ReSense |
2020 | [35] | ACC | 95 | RF | Hip | ActiGraph |
2020 | [38] | ACC | 93 | DL | — | Smart Phone |
2020 | [37] | ACC | 89 | SVM | Hip and Thigh | GT3X+ and GT9X |
2020 | [36] | ACC, BVP, HR | 92 | RF | Hip and Wrist | Microsoft Band, ADXL335 |
— | Proposed Method | ACC, HR, ST, GSR, BVP | 95 | LSTM-DL | Wrist | Empatica E4 |
— | Proposed Method | ACC (Using only ACC) | 90 | LSTM-DL | Wrist | Empatica E4 |
Comparison of EE Estimation Results | ||||||
Year | Reference | Used Sensors | MAE (MET) | MAPE (%) | RMSE (MET) | Device |
2015 | [50] | ACC, HR, NB | 0.52 | 23.2 | — | Zephyr, Shimmer2, BodyMedia Fit |
2014 | [51] | ACC, ECG | 0.70 | 25.7 | — | ADXL330 and five ECG Necklace |
2015 | [52] | ACC, HR, ST | 0.87 | 32.8 | — | BodyMedia FIT |
2015 | [53] | ACC, HR, RR | 0.61 | 27.5 | — | BodyMedia Fit, Zephyr, Shimmer |
2015 | [54] | ACC | 0.31 | — | — | LIS3L02AQ3 Sensor Data |
2014 | [55] | ACC, HR | — | — | 1.0 | ActiGraph GT3X+, Polar RS400 |
2020 | [56] | HR | — | — | 0.71 | Suunto Smart Belt |
2020 | [57] | HR | — | 16.8 | — | Misfit Shine 2 |
— | Proposed Method | ACC, HR, ST, GSR, BVP | 0.25 | 12.1 | 0.51 | Empatica E4 |
— | Proposed Method | ACC (Using only ACC) | 0.59 | 22.0 | 0.79 | Empatica E4 |