Table 1. Sociodemographic variables and comorbidities.
| TOTAL n = 153 | 30-day mortality | p* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALIVE n = 135 | DECEASED n = 18 | ||||||
| % | n | % | n | % | n | ||
| Age—mean / SD | 75.68 | 16.13 | 73.82 | 16.18 | 89.69 | 5.15 | <0.001 |
| Gender (male) | 58.17 | 89 | 58.52 | 79 | 55.56 | 10 | 0.811 |
| Ethnicity (caucasian) | 97.39 | 149 | 97.04 | 131 | 100 | 18 | 1.000 |
| Life habits and vaccination | |||||||
| Alcoholism (active o former) | 8.50 | 13 | 8.89 | 12 | 5.56 | 1 | 1.000 |
| Tobacco use (active o former) | 65.10 | 99 | 65.93 | 89 | 58.82 | 10 | 0.563 |
| Pack-years—mean / SD | 27.24 | 29.66 | 27.17 | 29.37 | 27.86 | 33.38 | 0.935 |
| Pneumococcal vaccination | 41.33 | 62 | 40.60 | 54 | 47.06 | 8 | 0.611 |
| Flu vaccination (previous year) | 62.00 | 93 | 62.41 | 83 | 58.82 | 10 | 0.774 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| HBP | 58.17 | 89 | 59.26 | 80 | 50.00 | 9 | 0.454 |
| DM | 16.34 | 25 | 17.04 | 23 | 11.11 | 2 | 0.739 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 32.68 | 50 | 30.37 | 41 | 50.00 | 9 | 0.095 |
| Obesity | 42.48 | 65 | 42.96 | 58 | 38.89 | 7 | 0.743 |
| TIA | 4.58 | 7 | 3.7 | 5 | 11.11 | 2 | 0.192 |
| Stroke | 11.76 | 18 | 9.63 | 13 | 27.78 | 5 | 0.041 |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 8.5 | 13 | 7.41 | 10 | 16.67 | 3 | 0.183 |
| Chronic heart failure | 18.95 | 29 | 18.52 | 25 | 22.22 | 4 | 0.750 |
| VTE | 1.96 | 3 | 1.48 | 2 | 5.56 | 1 | 0.315 |
| CKD | 14.38 | 22 | 14.81 | 20 | 11.11 | 2 | 1.000 |
| Chronic hapatopathy | 3.27 | 5 | 3.7 | 5 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.406 |
| COPD | 31.37 | 48 | 31.85 | 43 | 27.78 | 5 | 0.794 |
| Asthma | 5.23 | 8 | 5.93 | 8 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.597 |
| HIV infection | 5.88 | 9 | 6.67 | 9 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.600 |
| Solid neoplasm | 9.15 | 14 | 8.15 | 11 | 16.67 | 3 | 0.216 |
| Modified Charlson Index—mean / SD | 3.12 | 2.94 | 2.98 | 2.98 | 4.22 | 2.39 | 0.092 |
| Chronic treatment | |||||||
| Bronchodilators (any type) | 33.33 | 51 | 34.07 | 46 | 27.78 | 5 | 0.791 |
| Oral corticosteroids | 3.97 | 6 | 3.73 | 5 | 5.88 | 1 | 0.518 |
| Statins | 29.14 | 44 | 28.36 | 38 | 35.29 | 6 | 0.553 |
| Antiplatelets | 26.14 | 40 | 25.19 | 34 | 33.33 | 6 | 0.460 |
| Functional status | |||||||
| Institutionalized | 7.84 | 12 | 5.93 | 8 | 22.22 | 4 | 0.037 |
| Cognitive impairment | 17.65 | 27 | 11.85 | 16 | 61.11 | 11 | <0.001 |
| Malnutrition | 11.11 | 17 | 9.63 | 13 | 22.22 | 4 | 0.119 |
| History of bronchoaspiration | 8.5 | 13 | 4.44 | 6 | 38.89 | 7 | <0.001 |
CKD: Chronic kidney disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HBP: High blood pressure; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; TIA: Transient ischemic attack; VTE: Venous thromboembolism.
Quantitative variables: Mean and SD; Qualitative variables: % and n;
* Qualitative variables: Chi-square test or Fisher´s exact test. Quantitative variables: t-test for equal or unequal variances as appropriate.