Table 2. The pooled prevalence of HCAI, 95% CI, and heterogeneity estimate with a p-value for the subgroup analysis, by region, study design, sample size, and diagnostic method.
| Variables | Characteristics | Pooled prevalence (95% CI) | I2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Region | Addis Ababa | 18.44% (14.02–22.86) | 99% |
| Oromia | 17.37% (9.2–25.56) | 99.5% | |
| Amhara | 13.27% (9.00–17.52) | 98.5% | |
| Tigray | 27.6% (25.37–29.83) | - | |
| SNNPR | 21.4% (20.3–22.5) | - | |
| Addis Ababa & SNNPR | 5.9% (4.25–7.55) | - | |
| Study design | Cross-sectional | 17.83% (14.39–21.27) | 99.3% |
| Cohort | 13.96% (8.78–19.14) | 98.4% | |
| Diagnostic method | Clinical and laboratory | 18.2% (14.85–21.51) | 99.2% |
| Culture-confirmed | 12.71% (6.4–19.02) | 99% | |
| Sample size | <1000 | 18.15% (13.28–23.03) | 99.3% |
| ≥1000 | 14.66% (11.72–17.59) | 98.6% |
Note: SNNPR: Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region; I2: reported for the pooled effect of two or more studies.