Table 1. List of Technical Lignins Used in This Study.
| lignin sample | abbreviation | plant source | production process | producer/supplier |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| kraft | K | softwood | kraft pulping | UPM Biochemicals |
| organosolv | OS | beech wood | organosolv pulping | Fraunhofer CBP |
| soda | S | wheat straw | soda pulping | GreenValue SA |
| soda oxidized | SOX | wheat straw | soda pulping followed by alkali-O2 oxidation | VTT |
| lignosulfonate | LS | softwood | acid sulphite pulping | Domsjö Fabriker |
| Ecohelix | ECO | softwood | acid sulphite pulping and laccase-mediated oxidation | Ecohelix |