Table 2.

Outcomes of Patients with Malignant Duodenal Obstruction Who Underwent Successful Self-Expandable Metal Stent Placement

	Above the Papilla (N = 71)	Below the Papilla (N = 30)	P-value
Mean procedure time	18.62 ± 11.11 min*	23.12± 14.72 min*	P = 0.123
Mean stent length	11.62 ± 2.01 cm*	12.15 ± 1.85 cm*	P = 0.219
Stent augmentation	3 (4.23%)	2 (6.67%)	P = 0.632
GOOSS score
Mean score before stenting	0.32 ± 0.47*	0.37 ± 0.49*
Mean score after stenting	2.32 ± 0.75*	2.37 ± 0.48*
Chemotherapy after stenting	25 (35.21%)	16 (53.33%)	P = 0.121
Anti-tumor radiation therapy	8 (26.67%)	6 (20.00%)	P = 0.344
Number of complications	1 (1.41%)	2 (6.67%)	P = 0.209
Number of recurrences	7 (9.86%)	3 (10.00%)	P = 1.000
Median stent patency duration (95% CI)	123 days (106–141 days)	156 days (113–198 days)	P = 0.778

Note: *Values are shown in mean ± standard deviation (percentage).

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GOOSS, gastric outlet obstruction scoring system.