Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of UK Biobank participants by COVID-19 test positivity.
| Characteristic | All Participants |
Test Negative |
COVID-19 Test Positive |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 389,620) | (N = 2,793) | (N = 1,091) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 176,151 | 1,343 | 582 |
| Female | 213,469 | 1,450 | 509 |
| Age at | 56.62(8.03) | 57.71(8.59) | 57.17(9.23) |
| Recruitment | |||
| BMI | 27.25(4.95) | 27.91(5.88) | 28.52(5.85) |
| Smoking status | |||
| not answer | 1,368 | 13 | 8 |
| Never | 211,495 | 1,282 | 492 |
| Previous | 138,423 | 1,110 | 471 |
| Current | 38,315 | 388 | 120 |
| Alcohol use | |||
| not answer | 329 | 6 | 2 |
| Never | 12,195 | 101 | 30 |
| Previous | 12,885 | 144 | 67 |
| Current | 364,211 | 2,542 | 992 |
| Pre-existing conditions | |||
| Type 2 diabetes | 19,732 | 450 | 144 |
| Hypertension | 86,337 | 306 | 394 |
| Obesity | 15,361 | 214 | 83 |
| Dementias | 992 | 45 | 34 |
| Alzheimer's disease | 509 | 25 | 20 |
| Biomarkers | |||
| HDL cholesterol | 1.45 (0.38) | 1.43 (0.37) | 1.35 (0.38) |
| Apolipoprotein A | 1.55 (0.26) | 1.52 (0.27) | 1.48 (0.24) |
| Triglycerides | 1.74 (1.01) | 1.76 (1.02) | 1.86 (1.03) |
| Rheumatoid factor | 24.35 (19.6) | 22.1 (19.6) | 27.9 (18.6) |