Table 1.
Peptide acronyms, precursor genes and peptide functions in Drosophila. Excluding gut EECs (instead, see Table 2). Note that this is not a comprehensive list of Drosophila peptides but a list of peptides discussed in this review
| Acronym | Peptide name | Precursor gene1 | Function2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| AKH | Adipokinetic hormone | CG1171 | Hormone, NRF |
| AstA | Allatostatin A | CG13633 | Hormone, NRF |
| AstB/MIP | Allatostatin B | CG6456 | NM |
| AstC | Allatostatin C | CG14919 | NM3 |
| Burs α | Bursicon α | CG13419 | Hormone, NRF |
| CAPA | Capability (capa 1, 2, PK 1) | CG15520 | Hormone |
| CCAP | Crustacean cardioactive peptide | CG4910 | NM |
| CCHa1 | CCHamide 1 | CG14358 | Hormone3, NM |
| CCHa2 | CCHamide 2 | CG14375 | Hormone, NRF |
| CRZ | Corazonin | CG3302 | Hormone, NRF |
| DH31 | Diuretic hormone 31 | CG13094 | Hormone, NM |
| DH44 | Diuretic hormone 44 | CG8348 | Hormone, NM |
| DMS | Drosophila myosuppressin | CG6440 | NM4 |
| DILP1–8 | Drosophila insulin-like peptides | See note5 | Hormone, NRF6 |
| DSK | Drosophila sulfakinin | CG18090 | Hormone7, NM |
| EH | Eclosion hormone | CG5400 | Hormone, NM |
| ETH | Ecdysis-triggering hormone | CG18105 | Hormone, NRF |
| Hugin-PK | Hugin-pyrokinin (PK 2) | CG6371 | Hormone, NRF |
| ITP | Ion transport peptide | CG13586 | Hormone, NM |
| LK | Leucokinin | CG13480 | Hormone, NRF |
| Lst | Limostatin | CG8317 | NRF |
| NPF | Neuropeptide F | CG10342 | NM, NRF |
| OK-B | Orcokinin B | CG13565 | Hormone3, NM |
| Pigment-dispersing factor | CG6496 | Hormone, NRF | |
| PTTH | Prothoracicotropic hormone | CG13687 | Hormone, NRF |
| RYa | RYamide | CG40733 | Hormone |
| SIFa | SIFamide | CG4681 | NM |
| sNPF | Short neuropeptide F | CG13968 | NRF |
| TK | Tachykinin | CG14734 | NRF |
1Gene annotation
2Specifies whether hormone, neuromodulator (NM), or neuromodulator and release-regulating factor (NRF). Note that hormonal functions are in several cases inferred from indirect evidence. For details, see Nässel and Zandawala et al. (2019)
3Not clear whether also hormone
4Acts on crop and may also be released as a hormone (hormonal function not yet established)
5DILP1 = CG13173, DILP2 = CG8167, DILP3 = CG14167, DILP4 = CG6736, DILP5 = CG33273, DILP6 = CG14049, DILP7 = CG13317, DILP8 = CG14059
6The DILPs have different functions; all are hormones but only some (e.g., DILP2 and DILP7) appear to act as neuromodulators or release-regulating factors
7Although DSK has been identified in IPCs, its presence in neurohemal areas associated with the brain has not been determined. Yet a possible hormonal role has been proposed (Söderberg et al. 2012)