Table 5.

Restoration of range of motion (ROM) after ball-and-socket total disc replacement (bsTDR) for each spinal segment, motion direction and device. SSCs spine simulators with cadavers, FEMs finite element models, + ROM restored, - ROM not restored, CAD Charité artificial disc, bsTDR ball-and-socket total disc replacement, AbsTDR all bsTDR (activL, CAD, InOrbit, Maverick, NewPro, Prodisc-L, prototype of an artificial disc in development, Slide-Disc, Triumph), greyed out not enough studies to perform meta-analyses.