Table 2.

Different types of material used for fabrication of MNAs along with their application.

Material	Application	Ref (s)
Silicon	1. Electroporation2. Transdermal drug delivery3. Deep brain drug infusion	[48], [49], [50]
Glass	1. Recordings of force2. Microinjection3. Facial atrophic acne scar	[51], [52], [53]
Ceramics	1. Transport interface2. Controlled release of a model vaccine3. Transdermal drug delivery	[54], [55]
Dissolving and biodegradable polymers	1. Influenza vaccination2. Transdermal drug delivery3. Transdermal delivery of insulin4. Transdermal iron replenishment therapy5. Transdermal delivery of neurotoxin6. Patch and cream	[1], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60]
Swellable hydrogel polymers/ proteins	1. Transdermal drug delivery2. Intradermal vaccination3. Regenerative internal/external surgical closure4. Glucose-responsive insulin delivery5. Sensing of specific circulating nucleic acids	[61], [62], [63], [64], [65]