Fig. 3.

Effect of M. aurea on bacterial growth kinetics. Representative bacterial strains of (A) P. gingivalis, (B) T. denticola, (C) T. forsythia, and (D) A. actinomycetemcomitans were treated with different concentrations (MIC × 0.5, MIC × 1 and MIC × 2) of ethanolic extract of M. aurea. Growth cycle of untreated organisms served as growth control. Absorbance at 610 nm was measured at regular time intervals of 2 h. Results are presented from three independent experiments using means ± SD. ***p < 0.0001.