Table 1.
Reference | Experimental Model | Dosage | Administration Mode | Administration Duration | Experimental N | Response |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Animal Models | ||||||
Kita et al. (1995) | Sprague-Dawley rats with two-kidney, one-clip hypertension | 1 w/w% (10 g/kg) |
Oral | 4 weeks | 11 | Suppression of kidney clip-induced increase in systolic BP (42 mmHg decrease) |
Matsumura et al. (1995) | Sprague-Dawley rats with DOCA salt-induced hypertension | 1 w/w% (10 g/kg) |
Oral | 5 weeks | 8 | Suppression of DOCA salt-induced increase in systolic BP (46 mmHg decrease) |
Matsumura et al. (1998) | Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats | 1 w/w% (10 g/kg) |
Oral | 24 weeks | 7–9 | Suppression of systolic BP increase, 15–30 mmHg decrease in systolic BP |
Matsumura et al. (2000) | Sprague-Dawley rats with DOCA salt-induced hypertension | 1 w/w% (10 g/kg) |
Oral | 5 weeks | 8 | Suppression of DOCA salt-induced increase in systolic BP (28 mmHg decrease) |
Noguchi et al. (2001) | Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats | 1000 mg/kg | Oral | 5 weeks | 3 | Decrease in systolic BP by sesamin treatment (20 mmHg decrease), vitamin E treatment (31 mmHg decrease), and sesamin + vitamin E treatment (52 mmHg decrease) |
Nakano et al. (2003) | Sprague-Dawley rats with DOCA salt-induced hypertension | 0.1 w/w% (1 g/kg), 1 w/w% (10 g/kg) |
Oral | 5 weeks | 14 | Dose-dependent decrease in systolic BP (0.1 w/w% diet − 29.2 mmHg decrease, 1 w/w% diet − 46 mmHg decrease) |
Nakano et al. (2008) | Sprague-Dawley rats with DOCA salt-induced hypertension | 1 w/w% (10 g/kg) |
Oral | 5 weeks | 6 | Suppression of DOCA salt-induced increase in systolic BP (36.8 mmHg decrease), NADPH activity, and mRNA expression of p22phox, gp91phox, and Nox1 |
Kong et al. (2009) | Sprague-Dawley rats with two-kidney, one-clip hypertension | 60, 120 mg/kg | Oral | 8 weeks | 7 | Decrease in systolic BP by 11% (60 mg treatment) and 17% (120 mg treatment) |
Li et al. (2015) | Sprague-Dawley rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension | 50, 100 mg/kg | Oral | 4 weeks | 12 | Decrease in right systolic ventricular pressure and mean arterial pressure |
Kong et al. (2015a) | Spontaneously hypertensive rats | 80, 160 mg/kg | Oral | 8 weeks | 10 | Decrease in systolic BP by 12% (80 mg treatment) and 16% (160 mg treatment) |
Thuy et al. (2017) | Sprague-Dawley rats with STZ-induced type 1 diabetes | 50, 100, 200 mg/kg | Oral | 4 weeks | 5 | Increase in systolic BP and diastolic BP in STZ-induced rats (50 mg, 17/8.2 mmHg increase, 100 mg, 37.8/14.7 mmHg increase, 200 mg, 38.6/17.5 mmHg increase) |
Human Subjects | ||||||
Miyawaki et al. (2009) | Japanese, middle-aged, mildly hypertensive patients | 10 mg/capsule. 3 capsules twice per day |
Oral | 4 weeks | 12–13 | Decrease in systolic BP by 3.5 mmHg and diastolic BP by 1.9 mmHg |
Helli et al. (2016) | Iranian, overweight (BMI 25–35), middle-aged, RA patients | 200 mg per day | Oral | 6 weeks | 22 | Decrease in systolic BP by 4.3 mmHg and diastolic BP by 1.0 mmHg |