Table 1:
Demographics of Patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF
| Overall (n = 173) | HFrEF (n = 47) | HFmrEF (n = 83) | HFpEF (n = 43) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 55 ± 12.55 | 56 ± 12.59 | 54 ± 11.97 | 56 ± 13.70 | 0.61 |
| Caucasian | 127 (73%) | 35 (74%) | 62 (75%) | 30 (70%) | 0.83 |
| African American | 46 (27%) | 12 (26%) | 21 (25%) | 13 (30%) | 0.83 |
| Male sex | 100 (58%) | 27 (57%) | 49 (59%) | 24 (56%) | 0.94 |
| Diabetes | 44 (25%) | 12 (26%) | 23 (28%) | 9 (21%) | 0.71 |
| High blood pressure | 96 (55%) | 26 (55%) | 42 (51%) | 28 (65%) | 0.30 |
| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | 41 (24%) | 21 (45%) | 14 (17%) | 6 (14%) | <0.01 |
| Emphysema (COPD) | 25 (14%) | 5 (11%) | 10 (12%) | 10 (23%) | 0.16 |
| PVD | 1 (1%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.26 |
| CVA/TIA | 16 (9%) | 5 (11%) | 4 (5%) | 7 (16%) | 0.10 |
| High cholesterol (HLD) | 75 (43%) | 28 (60%) | 28 (34%) | 19 (44%) | 0.02 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) | 47 (27%) | 15 (32%) | 18 (22%) | 14 (33%) | 0.30 |
| AF/atrial flutter | 9 (5%) | 3 (6%) | 1 (1%) | 5 (12%) | 0.04 |
| ICD/CRT | 86 (50%) | 35 (74%) | 41 (49%) | 10 (23%) | <0.01 |
| Heart Rate, b.p.m | 76 ± 13.39 | 82 ± 13.98 | 74 ± 12.30 | 74 ± 13.22 | <0.01 |
| SBP, mmHg | 118 ± 19.79 | 111 ± 19.77 | 120 ± 16.29 | 123 ± 23.77 | 0.01 |
| DBP, mmHg | 72 ± 11.12 | 69 ± 11.28 | 75 ± 8.87 | 72 ± 13.90 | 0.03 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 88 ± 13.08 | 83 ± 13.62 | 90 ± 10.54 | 89 ± 15.74 | 0.02 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL, median (Q1, Q3) | 1.15 (0.86, 1.42) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.53) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.37) | 0.98 (0.81, 1.49) | 0.18 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 139 ± 3.36 | 138 ± 3.27 | 140 ± 3.19 | 140 ± 3.66 | 0.12 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 72 ± 28.96 | 65 ± 30.64 | 74 ± 25.67 | 74 ± 32.56 | 0.23 |
| ACC/AHA Stage | <0.01 | ||||
| B | 5 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 3 (7%) | 0.14 |
| C | 159 (92%) | 39 (83%) | 80 (96%) | 40 (93%) | 0.02 |
| D | 9 (5%) | 8 (17%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | <0.01 |
| NYHA Class | <0.01 | ||||
| I | 24 (14%) | 1 (2%) | 16 (19%) | 7 (16%) | |
| II | 96 (55%) | 25 (53%) | 50 (60%) | 21 (49%) | |
| III | 40 (23%) | 13 (28%) | 14 (17%) | 13 (30%) | |
| IV | 13 (8%) | 8 (17%) | 3 (4%) | 2 (5%) | |
| Beta Blockers | 149 (86%) | 38 (81%) | 75 (90%) | 36 (84%) | 0.28 |
| ACEi | 115 (66%) | 26 (55%) | 63 (76%) | 26 (60%) | 0.04 |
| ARB | 33 (19%) | 13 (28%) | 11 (13%) | 9 (21%) | 0.13 |
| Diuretics | 137 (79%) | 37 (79%) | 70 (84%) | 30 (70%) | 0.16 |
| Digoxin | 54 (31%) | 18 (38%) | 28 (34%) | 8 (19%) | 0.10 |
| CCB | 25 (14%) | 3 (6%) | 11 (13%) | 11 (26%) | 0.03 |
| Nitrates | 48 (28%) | 17 (36%) | 18 (22%) | 13 (30%) | 0.19 |
| Anti-HLD | 95 (55%) | 33 (70%) | 40 (48%) | 22 (51%) | 0.04 |
| Hydralazine | 31 (18%) | 13 (28%) | 11 (13%) | 7 (16%) | 0.12 |
| Anti-platelet | 112 (65%) | 33 (70%) | 54 (65%) | 25 (58%) | 0.49 |
| Coumadin | 51 (29%) | 21 (45%) | 21 (25%) | 9 (21%) | 0.02 |
| MRAs | 63 (36%) | 20 (43%) | 31 (37%) | 12 (28%) | 0.35 |
Values are listed as number of observations or average ± standard deviation. Percentages for each ejection fraction group are reported in parenthesis. Abbreviations: ACEi: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; AF: atrial fibrillation; CCB: calcium channel blocker; CAD: coronary artery disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFmrEF: heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HLD: hyperlipidemia; ICD/CRT: implantable cardioverter defibrillator/cardiac resynchronization therapy; MRAs: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; TIA: transient ischemic attack.